墨西哥政党政治的变迁和政治转型研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 13:21

  本文选题：墨西哥　切入点：政党政治　出处：《南开大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：墨西哥政党政治的发展,经历了从考迪罗军人统治、到一党主导型体制、再到多党竞争型体制的演变过程。政党政治的发展变迁不仅推动着墨西哥的政治改革和经济发展,同时引领国家从威权政治走向民主,完成了从考迪罗军人政治向政党政治下文官体制的转型和从威权政治体制向民主政治体制的转型。纵观墨西哥的政治发展历程可以看到,长期执掌政权的革命制度党从崛起、沉沦到转型的历程,影响和引导着墨西哥的政治发展和转型。从1810年独立战争到1929年国民革命党(后来的革命制度党)创建,墨西哥解决了从军人独裁到宪政制度、从考迪罗体制到政党体制的转型,终结了考迪罗时代的无政府状态和寡头专制统治,使国家政治步入制度化轨道。从1929年到2000年,革命制度党(曾三度易名:国民革命党→墨西哥革命党→革命制度党)连续执掌墨西哥政权71年,推动了墨西哥的经济发展,保持了政治稳定。然而,20世纪70年代以来,随着国内外形势的变化、革命制度党党内组织功能衰竭、执政绩效下滑,革命制度党一党主导下的威权体制遭遇合法性危机。为了提升自身的合法性,革命制度党推行了一系列政治改革、尤其是选举制度改革,通过改革扩大政治参与,使墨西哥政治逐渐走向多元化。2000年选举,结束了革命制度党长达71年的执政,实现了1929年以来墨西哥首次政党轮替,墨西哥政党体制由原来的一党主导型转变为革命制度党、国家行动党和民主革命党三足鼎立的多党竞争型。12年后,于2012年,革命制度党重新赢得总统选举,重新执掌政权,实现了墨西哥二次政党轮替,标志着墨西哥从威权政治体制向多党竞争的民主政治体制转变。然而,政党轮替仅仅是墨西哥民主政治发展的新起点,并不意味着墨西哥民主政治发展的稳固,消除政府腐败、保持社会安定、缩小贫富差距、努力发展经济,依然是执政党和现政权面临的严峻挑战。墨西哥的政治实践告诉我们,对于发展中国家而言,在尚未实现社会有效整合和政治制度化的情况下,权力的适度集中具有必要性,有利于保持社会政治的稳定性。一个国家的发展道路须符合它自身的情况,其政治体制改革要保持与其自身土壤的相适性。此外,一个政权的长治久安,还需合理有效、有利于国计民生的公共政策为支撑。墨西哥政党政治变迁和政治转型的历程告诉我们,发展中国家的改革不可能一蹴而就,必然呈现出迂回前行的态势。一个渗透着浓厚宗法势力、专制主义传统深远的国家,要真正实现民主和法治,还需要几代人的努力,还有很长的路要走。
[Abstract]:The development of Party Politics in Mexico, has ruled from Caldero to the soldiers, one party dominant system, and then to the evolution process of multi-party competition system. The development of party politics is not only promoting Mexico's political reform and economic development, and lead the country from authoritarian politics to democracy, Caldero completed the transition to the military political party the political system and from below the official decorum authoritarian political system to a democratic political system and political transition. Throughout the course of development of Mexico can be seen, the long-term ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party from the rise into the transformation process, influence and guide the development of Mexico and the political transition. From 1810 to 1929 the National Revolutionary War of independence (revolutionary party the system of party later) to create, Mexico solved from military dictatorship to the constitutional system, from the Caldero system to party system transition, the end of Cody No government state and absolute oligarchy Luo era, make the national politics entered the orbit. From 1929 to 2000, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (three degrees ": National Revolutionary Party, the Revolutionary Party of Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party) continuous in charge of the Mexico government for 71 years, to promote the economic development of Mexico, to maintain political stability. However, since 1970s, with the changes of domestic and international situation, the Institutional Revolutionary Party organization failure, the performance decline, the Institutional Revolutionary Party Party under the leadership of the authoritarian regime suffered a crisis of legitimacy. In order to enhance the legitimacy of oneself, the Institutional Revolutionary Party has carried out a series of political reform, especially the reform of the electoral system, through reform to expand political participation, politics in Mexico gradually diversified.2000 election ended the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the ruling for 71 years, the first party in Mexico since 1929 Alternation of party system from the original Mexico Party led into the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the National Action Party and the Party of the democratic revolution of multi-party competition a situation of tripartite confrontation.12 years later, in 2012, the Institutional Revolutionary Party to win the presidential election, came to power, the Mexico two turnover, marking the transition from authoritarian political system to the Mexico democratic political system of multi-party competition. However, the ruling party is just a new starting point for the development of democracy in Mexico, does not mean that the development of democracy in Mexico is stable, the elimination of government corruption, maintaining social stability, narrowing the gap between rich and poor, efforts to develop the economy, the ruling party and the regime is still facing serious challenges. The political practice in Mexico tell us, for developing countries, has not yet been achieved in social integration and effective political system under the condition of moderate concentration with will power To, is conducive to maintaining social and political stability of a country's development path shall be in accordance with its own situation, the suitable reform of the political system to maintain its own the soil. In addition, a regime is reasonable and effective, long period of stability, is conducive to the public policy support is beneficial to the people's livelihood. History of political parties in Mexico political change and political transition in developing countries tells us that the reform can not be achieved, will have a detour ahead of the situation. A permeated with a strong patriarchal clan system, national autocracy tradition profound, to realize the democracy and the rule of law, but also need the efforts of several generations, there is a long way to go.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D773.1
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本文编号：1695764