应对中美关系南海困局的思考

发布时间：2018-04-03 22:47

本文选题：中美关系　切入点：南海争端　出处：《东北亚论坛》2017年02期

【摘要】："南海航行自由"是美国"亚太再平衡"战略剑指中国的"撒手锏",超越"南海航行自由"陷阱是中国捍卫国家主权、维护国际法和实现海洋强国梦必须面对的现实挑战。美国打着维护"南海航行自由"的幌子行"舰机"航行自由,目的在于护持美国的亚太霸权地位。中美南海航行自由纷争的本质是海洋霸权国与新型海洋强国在南海战略矛盾和战略利益的竞争,其法理诱因是双方对航行自由原则的认知分歧,也是美国理想主义"海洋自由"传统和实用主义"航行自由计划"的延续。中美"南海航行自由"问题的不断发酵对中国海洋军事安全,海洋战略空间的拓展以及海上崛起的舆论环境造成严重影响。中国应当在实现海洋强国的战略背景下思考该问题的解决路径。中国超越"南海航行自由"陷阱的首务是要保持战略定力,为实现中国海洋强国争取战略机遇期;要加强与美国的战略对话,在南海构建稳定的航行自由机制;要在国际舆论、海洋法律秩序和区域海洋公共产品提供中争取外交主动,适时适度推进南海岛礁建设。
[Abstract]:The "freedom of navigation in the South China Sea" is the American "Asia-Pacific rebalancing" strategic sword that refers to China's "saver mace". Surmounting the trap of "freedom of navigation in the South China Sea" is a realistic challenge that China must face in defending national sovereignty, safeguarding international law and realizing the dream of a maritime power.Under the guise of safeguarding the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea, the United States aims to protect the United States' Asia-Pacific hegemony.The essence of the dispute over freedom of navigation between China and the United States in the South China Sea is the strategic contradiction and the competition of strategic interests between the maritime hegemonists and the new maritime powers in the South China Sea.It is also a continuation of American idealistic tradition of freedom of the sea and pragmatism of freedom of navigation.The issue of "freedom of navigation in the South China Sea" between China and the United States has a serious impact on China's maritime military security, the expansion of maritime strategic space and the rising public opinion environment at sea.China should think about the way to solve this problem against the strategic background of realizing marine power.China's first task in surmounting the trap of "freedom of navigation in the South China Sea" is to maintain strategic determination and strive for a period of strategic opportunity for the realization of China's maritime power; to strengthen strategic dialogue with the United States and to build a stable freedom of navigation mechanism in the South China Sea; and to establish a stable freedom of navigation mechanism in the South China Sea.In the process of marine legal order and regional marine public goods supply, we should strive for diplomatic initiative and promote the construction of islands and reefs in the South China Sea in a timely and appropriate manner.
【作者单位】：吉林大学行政学院;吉林大学国家治理协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目(13AGJ003) 吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(2016142) 2016年度教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(16JZD027)
【分类号】：D823;D871.2;D993.5

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