未成年人审前羁押制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 23:24

本文选题：审前羁押 + 未成年人　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的少年司法程序建设目前仍处于改革探索阶段,尚未形成完善的制度体系。涉罪未成年人审前羁押问题作为少年司法问题研究的重要课题,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。通过健全和完善我国未成年人审前羁押制度,除了能够有效地保障公安、检察机关收集固定证据,及时准确查明案情,预防再次犯罪,维护正常社会秩序,还能实现包括教育、矫正、隔离、考察在内的多项保护性目的,有助于未成年人早日重归社会。第一部分是制度概述。未成年人审前羁押的涵义是指为保障诉讼的顺利进行,在法院审判前,由公安和司法机关依法对涉罪未成年人实施拘留或逮捕后,其人身自由被暂予剥夺的状态。依据宽严相济的刑事政策、恢复性司法理论、国家亲权理论和儿童福利理念,在处理未成年人犯罪案件时,应当结合涉罪未成年人身心特点的特殊性,严格限制审前羁押的适用。第二部分是我国未成年人审前羁押中存在的问题。首先,传统的重打击,轻保护的观念亟需转变。其次,立法和司法解释的规定不完善。主要表现在对未成年人的拘留、逮捕的适用条件不明确,未成年人审查逮捕程序的行政化色彩浓厚。最后,在制度的实施运行中还存在诸如区别对待本地与外地未成年人,未成年人审前羁押替代措施适用比例低,羁押持续时间长、变更率小、轻刑率高,羁押场所管理混乱等问题。第三部分是域外未成年人审前羁押制度的考察与启示。通过对英国的保释制度,美国的多元羁押替代措施及日本少年观护制度的比较法研究,学习域外国家的先进经验,从而为解决我国未成年人审前羁押制度中存在的问题提供合理的启示与借鉴。第四部分是完善未成年人审前羁押制度的构思,是文章的重点章节。针对我国未成年人审前羁押中存在的问题,结合我国的立法及司法现状,在借鉴域外先进经验的基础上,提出了几点构想:应当转变羁押理念,确立羁押例外原则;建立专门的未检机构和队伍;完善相关的立法规定,细化对涉罪未成年人予以拘留的适用条件,提高逮捕的标准,明确审查逮捕的程序;改善制度实施效果,健全羁押替代性措施,完善羁押必要性审查机制,重视羁押场所的管理,建立社会观护体系等。
[Abstract]:At present, the construction of juvenile judicial procedure in China is still in the stage of reform and exploration, and has not yet formed a perfect system system.As an important subject in the study of juvenile justice, pretrial detention of minors involved in crime is of great theoretical and practical significance.By improving and perfecting the pretrial detention system for minors in our country, in addition to effectively protecting public security, collecting fixed evidence by procuratorial organs, promptly and accurately ascertaining the circumstances of the case, preventing recidivism, and maintaining normal social order, it can also be realized, including education.Many protective purposes, such as correction, isolation and investigation, will help minors to return to society as soon as possible.The first part is an overview of the system.The meaning of juvenile pretrial detention refers to the state that, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the proceedings, the minor involved in the crime is temporarily deprived of his personal liberty after being detained or arrested by the public security and judicial organs before the court trial.According to the criminal policy of combining leniency and severe punishment, the theory of restorative justice, the theory of national parental rights and the concept of child welfare, when dealing with juvenile delinquency cases, it should be combined with the particularity of the mental and physical characteristics of the minors involved in the crime.The application of pretrial detention is strictly restricted.The second part is the problems existing in the pretrial detention of minors in China.First of all, the traditional heavy attack, light protection of the concept of urgent need to change.Secondly, the provisions of legislation and judicial interpretation are imperfect.Mainly in the detention of minors, the applicable conditions of arrest are not clear, and the administrative color of the procedure of examining and arresting minors is strong.Finally, there are still some problems in the implementation of the system, such as the differential treatment of local and foreign minors, the low proportion of alternative measures used in pretrial detention of minors, the long duration of detention, the small change rate, and the high rate of light punishment.Detention place management confusion and other issues.The third part is the investigation and enlightenment of the system of pretrial detention of minors.Through the study of the bail system in Britain, the alternative measures of multiple custody in the United States and the comparative law of the Japanese juvenile care system, the advanced experiences of foreign countries are studied.Thus, it provides reasonable enlightenment and reference for solving the problems existing in the pretrial detention system of minors in our country.The fourth part is the idea of perfecting juvenile pretrial detention system, which is the key chapter of the article.In view of the problems existing in the pretrial detention of minors in our country, combined with the current situation of legislation and judicature in our country, and on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward several ideas: we should change the concept of custody and establish the principle of exceptional detention;Establish special unchecked institutions and teams, perfect relevant legislative provisions, refine the applicable conditions for detention of minors involved in crimes, improve the standard of arrest, clearly examine the procedures of arrest, improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the system,Improve custody alternative measures, improve the detention necessity review mechanism, attach importance to the management of places of detention, establish a social concept of care system.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.5

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