明代巡按御史制度及其当代启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 00:09

本文选题：明代 + 巡按御史　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国古代的监察制度,伴随着封建社会的产生而出现,从秦汉到清末,有两千多年的历史。到了明代,封建监察制度发展的更为完备和严密。作为明代监察制度的重要组成部分,巡按御史制度是明代统治者严密监察和控制地方百官继而巩固封建皇权的产物。这一制度贯穿明代近三百年的历史,对明代社会各个方面尤其是地方政治产生了不可估量的影响。深入系统的研究明代的巡按御史制度,不仅能够丰富明史的学术研究成果,而且对我国监察工作的优化和发展具有重要的参考价值。明代巡按御史制度即中央派遣监察御史对地方官员进行定期巡回考察的一种制度,以此达到监察百官、反腐肃贪的目的。明代巡按御史制度历经创立、完善、废弛三个阶段,主要包括御史之责、御史选派、御前点差、出巡事宜、回道考察、巡按升黜等六个方面的内容。这一制度在明代前期发挥了显著的积极作用,既能整顿地方吏治、促进地方发展,巩固中央集权,维护民族国家统一,还有力的缓和了阶级矛盾和社会矛盾,维护了封建统治。到了明代后期,巡按御史的权力开始膨胀,逐渐失去控制,这一制度呈现出一系列弊端:明代巡按御史制度是依附于皇权的,具有浓厚的人治色彩;监察权和行政权不分离,为巡按御史贪污腐败提供了便利;巡按御史权力太大,监督缺失;官僚内部关系网重重,官官相护,保护腐败。以史为鉴,明代御史巡按制度对完善当前监察工作的启示有:完善监察法律法规,为监察工作提供法律保障;建立完善的监察体制,增强监察机关的相对独立性;加强对监察人员的管理和监督,完善监察队伍建设;形成外部有效的制约和监督机制。
[Abstract]:The supervision system in ancient China appeared with the emergence of feudal society, from Qin and Han dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than two thousand years.In the Ming Dynasty, feudal supervision system developed more complete and rigorous.As an important part of the supervision system of the Ming Dynasty, the system of patrol and imperial history was the product of the rulers of the Ming Dynasty who closely monitored and controlled the local officials and then consolidated the feudal imperial power.This system runs through the history of the Ming Dynasty for nearly 300 years and has had an inestimable influence on all aspects of the Ming society, especially on the local politics.A thorough and systematic study of the system of imperial inspection in the Ming Dynasty can not only enrich the academic research achievements of the Ming Dynasty, but also have an important reference value for the optimization and development of the supervisory work in our country.In Ming Dynasty, the system of supervising imperial history was a system that the central government sent supervision to inspect local officials on a regular tour, so as to achieve the purpose of supervising hundred officials and fighting corruption.The system of patrol and imperial history in Ming Dynasty went through three stages, including the responsibility of imperial history, the selection of imperial history, the difference of imperial forerunner, the issue of patrol, the investigation of return to the road, the promotion and deposed of patrol.This system played a significant and positive role in the early Ming Dynasty, which not only rectified local officials, promoted local development, consolidated centralization of power, maintained the unity of the nation and state, but also alleviated class and social contradictions and maintained feudal rule.In the late Ming Dynasty, the power of patrol imperial history began to expand and gradually lost control. This system showed a series of drawbacks: the Ming Dynasty patrol imperial history system was attached to the imperial power, with a strong color of rule by man; the supervisory power and the administrative power were not separated.It provides convenience for corruption of patrol imperial history; it has too much power and lack of supervision; the bureaucrats have a heavy network of internal relations, officials protect each other, and protect corruption.Taking history as a mirror, the Ming Dynasty imperial history patrol system has the enlightenment to consummate the present supervisory work: consummates the supervisory laws and regulations, provides the legal guarantee for the supervisory work, establishes the perfect supervisory system, strengthens the relative independence of the supervisory organ;We should strengthen the management and supervision of supervisors, improve the construction of supervisory teams, and form an effective external restraint and supervision mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D691.49

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