张家港市居家养老服务模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:39

本文选题：居家养老 + 政府服务　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：老龄化问题是困扰当今世界的难题,在未富先老的中国,这个问题更加突出。如何更好地解决养老问题,越来越受到社会各界的广泛关注。首先,传统意义上的家庭养老模式因为家庭规模小型化、家庭结构趋于空巢化而难以支撑养老服务需求。其次,机构养老模式存在老年人普遍受传统思想观念束缚、在机构养老缺乏亲情感以及养老机构收费偏高等问题。居家养老模式是一种新型的养老方式,它结合了传统的家庭养老模式和机构养老模式的优势,老年人不脱离原先的家庭和所在社区,在熟悉的生活环境中养老,并且养老服务提供主体相对多元化,服务内容和种类选择面广,对解决中国面临的养老困境有深远的现实意义。本文研究的主要内容是张家港市的居家养老服务模式。作为经济社会发展长期走在中国前列的江苏张家港地区,早于全国17年步入老龄化社会,因此该市对养老服务体系现代化建设的研究和实践有更迫切的需求。其养老工作多次获得国家、省、苏州市表彰,曾领先全国最早制定“家庭养老院”管理标准并被民政部引用推广,在长期的居家养老服务实践工作中积累了一定的经验。目前已基本形成了覆盖市、镇、村三级的网络化居家养老服务模式。文章在对国内外研究情况进行归纳后,对相关概念和基础理论进行了阐述。然后通过采用文献法、比较分析法等对张家港市居家养老服务模式的发展概况、运作机制及特征进行了分析探究。并选取张家港市杨舍镇四个社区1011名老年人进行问卷调查,通过对有效问卷进行整理分析,查找张家港市居家养老服务工作当前存在的问题,并结合国内外居家养老服务成功经验对其未来的发展提出了若干建议。张家港市的居家养老服务采用市—镇—村三级网络化管理模式,有着完善的发展机制,政府层面出台了各项政策支持社会力量参与养老事业,居家养老服务功能齐全,老年人权益保障水平较高。但由于该市居家养老工作仍处于起步阶段,通过实地调研得知其存在服务内容不能完全对接需求、社区医疗水平较低、服务评估体系不完善等问题。因此,在参考英美日等发达国家和中国发达地区的居家养老服务实践经验的基础之上,结合张家港市目前的主要形式和特点,文中给出了完善当前居家养老服务模式的意见建议,包括繁荣养老市场,增办社区护理院,完善服务评估体系等。
[Abstract]:Aging is a difficult problem in today's world, and it is more prominent in China before it is rich. How to better solve the pension problem, more and more attention from all walks of life. Firstly, the traditional family pension model is difficult to support the demand for old-age service because of the miniaturization of family size and the empty nesting of family structure. Secondly, there are some problems in the institutional old-age care model, such as the old people are generally bound by the traditional ideas, lack of pro-emotion in the institutional old-age care system, and the fees of the old-age institutions are on the high side. The family pension model is a new type of old-age care mode. It combines the advantages of the traditional family old-age pension model and the institutional old-age care model. The elderly do not leave the original family and the community, in the familiar living environment for the aged. And the main body of pension service is relatively diversified, and the choice of service content and type is wide, which has far-reaching practical significance to solve the pension dilemma faced by China. The main content of this paper is the home pension service model of Zhangjiagang City. The Zhangjiagang area of Jiangsu Province, which has been in the forefront of China's economic and social development for a long time, stepped into an aging society 17 years earlier than the whole country. Therefore, the study and practice of the modernization of the old-age service system in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, has a more urgent need. Its pension work has been recognized by the state, province and Suzhou city for many times, and it has been the first to establish the management standard of "home nursing home" in the whole country and has been quoted and popularized by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It has accumulated certain experience in the long-term practice of home pension service. At present has basically formed covers the city, the town, the village three-level network home endowment service pattern. After summarizing the research situation at home and abroad, this paper expounds the related concepts and basic theories. Then through the use of literature method, comparative analysis and other analysis of Zhangjiagang City home pension service model development, operation mechanism and characteristics of analysis and exploration. And 1011 elderly people in four communities of Yangshe Town, Zhangjiagang City, are selected to carry out a questionnaire survey. Through sorting out and analyzing the valid questionnaires, we can find out the problems existing in the work of providing for the aged at home in Zhangjiagang City. Some suggestions for its future development are put forward based on the successful experience of home care service at home and abroad. Zhangjiagang's home pension service adopts the three-level network-based management model of city, town and village, and has a perfect development mechanism. At the government level, various policies have been issued to support the social forces to participate in the old-age service, and the services for the aged at home have complete functions. The protection of the rights and interests of the elderly is relatively high. However, the work of providing for the aged at home in the city is still in its initial stage. Through the field investigation, it is known that the service content can not be fully connected with the demand, the level of community medical care is low, and the service evaluation system is not perfect, and so on. Therefore, on the basis of reference to the practical experience of home pension services in developed countries such as the United States, America and Japan and developed regions in China, combined with the main forms and characteristics of Zhangjiagang City at present, In this paper, some suggestions are given to improve the current service model of the aged at home, including the prosperity of the old-age care market, the establishment of more community nursing homes, and the improvement of the service evaluation system.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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