村庄里的分化:熟人社会、富人在村与阶层怨恨——对东部地区农村阶层分化的若干理解

发布时间：2018-05-06 04:36

本文选题：农村 + 阶层分化　；参考：《中国农村观察》2017年04期

【摘要】：东部地区农村民营经济发达,农民阶层分化具有"村庄里的分化"、"高度分化"、"富人在村"和"上层农民规模大"等特点。与城市陌生人社会的分化不同,农民分化首先是"村庄里的分化",村庄熟人社会具有信息对称、互动在场和价值贡献三大特征,它们影响着农民对自身阶层的认知与定位。"高度分化"是对东部农村阶层分化本质属性的概括,说明下层农民与上层农民差距甚大。"富人在村"意味着上层农民要参与村庄的社会性竞争和公共资源分配。而"上层农民规模较大"则使得上层农民在村庄中能够产生规模效应,他们的价值标准上升为村庄的价值标准。这样,下层农民在与上层农民的价值比较中达不到上层农民引领的价值标准,由此产生生存性压力和对上层农民的怨恨情绪。上层农民则利用自身的经济优势竞选担任村干部,并总体性占有村庄优质资源,构成对下层农民的排斥和剥夺。东部地区农村出现阶层固化的迹象。
[Abstract]:The rural private economy in the eastern region is developed, and the differentiation of the peasant stratum has the characteristics of "differentiation in the village", "highly differentiated", "the rich are in the village" and "the scale of the upper peasant" and so on. Different from the social differentiation of strangers in cities, the differentiation of peasants is first "differentiation in villages". The society of acquaintances in villages has three characteristics: information symmetry, interactive presence and value contribution, which affect the farmers' cognition and orientation of their own stratum. " "highly differentiated" is a summary of the essential attributes of the differentiation of the eastern rural strata, which shows that there is a big gap between the lower class farmers and the upper class peasants. The rich in the village "means that the upper-class farmers should participate in the social competition and public resource allocation." "the scale of the upper peasants" makes them produce scale effect in the village, and their value standard rises to the value standard of the village. In this way, the lower class farmers can not reach the value standard of the upper peasants in the value comparison with the upper class peasants, which leads to the survival pressure and resentment towards the upper class peasants. The upper class peasants make use of their own economic advantages to run for village cadres, and occupy the village high quality resources, which constitutes the exclusion and deprivation of the lower class peasants. Eastern rural areas show signs of class solidification.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：C912.82;D663.2

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