日本民族主义与政治右倾

发布时间：2018-05-07 10:15

本文选题：民族主义 + 日本民族主义　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新世纪以来,尤其是小泉、安倍执政期间,日本政治右倾化日益严重：解禁集体自卫权,修改和平宪法,否定、美化侵略史,与中国钓鱼岛争端不断升级等。与此同时,日本国内民族主义也发生右转：自由史观仍然兴盛,成为正常国家的呼声日益提高,右翼成为民族主义的核心势力等；右倾化政策内容与民族主义主张遥相呼应,由此引出本文研究的主题——日本民族主义与政治右倾的关系。要解决这一问题,必须厘清民族主义、日本民族主义和政治右倾、日本政治右倾的内涵,以及民族主义与政治走向关系三个大问题。第一个问题由于民族主义概念的多样性而不易回答,于是借助当前流行的现代主义学派的观点对民族主义进行定义,既民族主义是伴随资本主义国家产生而产生的现象,带有很强的政治性,存在的目的是维护国家统治的合法性；在此基础上继续研究日本民族主义,并着重厘清日本民族主义发展脉络。日本民族主义产生于明治维新时期,是典型的应激性民族主义,经历了战前与战后两个发展阶段,其核心“国家主义”“民族优越”并未发生变化,但是“效忠天皇”等思想则逐渐淡化,取而代之的是突破战后体制对日本的束缚,为此日本民族主义势力借助各种可利用的国内外议题,并以此为跷板努力突破战后体制,推动日本成为正常国家。第二个问题学界基本达成共识,政治右倾指右翼思想在政治决策中得到体现的现象,而对右翼的界定又有多重视角。文章在总结以往定义的基础上,认为从“变革”视角界定“左”“右”最为合适,倾向于保持现状或恢复以往情况的现象称为右翼,而试图变革当前状况的则为左翼。当前日本试图恢复二战前“正常国家”状态,政策偏右属于“政治右倾”。日本政府在修改和平宪法、解禁集体自卫权、企图为侵略历史翻案、排中亲美等方面的主张处处体现民族主义宣扬的理念,两者的关系可见一斑。第三个问题是文章的核心问题,为了回答此问题采用了定量和案例分析结合的方法,这也是本文的创新点。国内外学者对民族主义与政治走向或政治决策关系的研究大多采用定性分析法,这当然与民族主义的不易量化有关,但是民族主义在多大程度上以及通过什么路径影响政治走向的定量分析较少。文章通过数据展现日本民族主义的发展强度,从而能够明晰日本民族主义右转的程度,结合小泉、安倍参拜靖国神社与安倍解禁集体自卫权两个案例深入讨论日本民族主义影响政治走向的途径以及程度。研究还发现,政治右倾也反作用于民族主义,使得民族主义更加右转。因此日本保守型民族主义是导致政治右倾的重要因素,而政治右倾也推动民族主义更加右转。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, especially during Koizumi and Abe's reign, Japan's political right has become increasingly serious: lifting the right to collective self-defence, revising the pacifist constitution, denying, beautifying the history of aggression, and escalating the dispute with China's Diaoyu Islands. At the same time, nationalism in Japan has also turned right: the concept of free history is still flourishing, the voice of becoming a normal country is rising day by day, and the right wing has become the core force of nationalism. This leads to the theme of this study-the relationship between Japanese nationalism and political right-leaning. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to clarify three major problems: nationalism, Japanese nationalism and political right-leaning, the connotation of Japanese political right-leaning, and the relationship between nationalism and political trend. The first question is difficult to answer because of the diversity of the concept of nationalism, so it is defined by the popular modernist school of thought, that is, nationalism is a phenomenon that comes along with the emergence of capitalist countries. With a strong political nature, the purpose of existence is to maintain the legitimacy of national rule; on this basis, continue to study Japanese nationalism, and focus on clarifying the development of Japanese nationalism. Japanese nationalism, which originated in the Meiji Restoration period, is a typical stress nationalism. It has experienced two stages of development before and after the war, and its core "nationalism" "national superiority" has not changed. However, the idea of "allegiance to the emperor" was gradually diluted and replaced by a breakthrough in the shackles of the postwar system to Japan. For this reason, the Japanese nationalist forces made efforts to break through the post-war system with the help of various domestic and foreign issues that could be used to break through the post-war system. Promote Japan to become a normal country. The second issue has reached a consensus that the political right tilting refers to the phenomenon that the right-wing thought is embodied in the political decision-making, and the definition of the right-wing has many angles of view. On the basis of summing up the previous definitions, this paper holds that it is most appropriate to define "left" and "right" from the perspective of "change". The phenomenon that tends to maintain the status quo or restore the past situation is called right wing, while the left wing is the one who tries to change the present situation. Japan is trying to return to a normal state before World War II. The Japanese government is revising the pacifist constitution, lifting the right of collective self-defense, attempting to reverse the case for the history of aggression, excluding China, pro-America, and other aspects of the idea of nationalism everywhere, the relationship between the two can be seen. The third question is the core question of the paper. In order to answer this question, the method of combining quantitative analysis and case analysis is adopted, which is also the innovation of this paper. Most scholars at home and abroad study the relationship between nationalism and political trends or political decisions by using qualitative analysis, which of course has something to do with the difficulty of quantifying nationalism. But there is less quantitative analysis of the extent to which nationalism influences political trends, and through what path. The article shows the intensity of the development of Japanese nationalism through data, so as to be able to clarify the degree of rightward turn of Japanese nationalism, combined with Koizumi. Two cases of Abe's visit to Yasukuni Shrine and Abe's right to lift the ban on collective self-defence discussed the ways and extent of Japanese nationalism's influence on political trends. The study also found that political right-leaning also counteracts to nationalism, making it more rightward. So Japanese conservative nationalism is an important factor leading to the political right-leaning, which also promotes nationalism to turn to the right.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D731.3

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