土耳其切尔克斯人问题探析

发布时间：2018-05-26 11:19

本文选题：土耳其 + 切尔克斯人　；参考：《世界民族》2017年02期

【摘要】：土耳其是世界上切尔克斯人分布数量最多的国家,而切尔克斯人在土耳其却受到政府的压制。本文梳理了土耳其切尔克斯人发展的历史脉络,其社会地位的演变大体可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段,从19世纪60年代至共和国建立,切尔克斯人逐渐步入国家权力的中心,对帝国的政治、军事、外交以及文化等方面产生了重要影响。第二阶段,从1923年至1999年,切尔克斯人受到政府压制,难以表达自身诉求,不得不隐瞒自身的族裔认同,切尔克斯人问题由此产生。第三阶段,自1999年土耳其成为欧盟候选成员国以来,土耳其政府实行了一系列宽容政策,切尔克斯人得以公开表达自身诉求。然而,土耳其政府对切尔克斯人仍旧缺乏认可与尊重,并未完全放弃压制切尔克斯人的策略。此外,土耳其少数族群概念的独特性、切尔克斯人表达自身诉求能力的缺乏以及土耳其政府与公众对切尔克斯人问题的不重视,切尔克斯人问题难以在短期内获得解决。
[Abstract]:Turkey has the largest number of Cherks in the world, where it is suppressed by the government. This paper combs the historical context of the development of the Turkish Circassians, and the evolution of their social status can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, from the 1860s to the founding of the Republic, the Circassians gradually stepped into the center of state power, which had an important influence on the political, military, diplomatic and cultural aspects of the empire. The second stage, from 1923 to 1999, the Cherks were suppressed by the government, unable to express their own demands, had to hide their ethnic identity, resulting in the Circassian problem. In the third stage, since Turkey became a candidate member of the European Union in 1999, the Turkish government has adopted a series of lenient policies, allowing the Chercassians to publicly express their demands. However, the Turkish government still lacks recognition and respect for the Circassians and has not completely abandoned its tactics of suppressing them. In addition, the uniqueness of the Turkish minority concept, the lack of the Chilks' ability to express their own claims, and the lack of attention to the issue of the Cherks by the Turkish government and the public, the problem of the Circassians is difficult to solve in the short term.
【作者单位】：西北大学中东研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大课题“文明交往视野下的中亚文明史研究”(项目编号14ZDB060);国家社科基金项目“多维视角下的叙利亚民族认同构建研究”(批准号16CSS011) 陕西省教育厅重点科研项目“当代土耳其反西方思潮研究”(项目编号16JZ081)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D737.4

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