基于地缘政治理论视角分析乌克兰危机对欧俄关系的影响

发布时间：2018-05-26 21:48

本文选题：乌克兰危机 + 欧俄关系　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：乌克兰的独立为欧俄中间地带带去了平衡,在欧俄可能的地缘冲突中增加了缓冲,它的地缘意义比以往更为突出,除了对欧洲地缘空间的稳定作用,更在欧俄地缘战略中有着重要位置。地理位置决定了乌克兰将在欧亚大陆扮演重要的地缘支轴的角色,因此乌克兰危机除了是内部矛盾引发的冲突以外,更是地缘政治的博弈,当事件发生之后,乌克兰东西方的俄罗斯与欧洲深受波及,双方在经济、政治与安全、文化等领域的合作关系都受到了影响。更深远的影响是动摇了冷战后逐渐形成的欧洲地缘政治格局,这一格局的稳定建立在欧俄和平相处的基础之上,但从欧俄在危机爆发前后的行动来看,双方表现出了他们对于权力、利益、势力范围的绝对追求,传统地缘政治观念中的冲突性依然影响着双方关系。当俄罗斯失去乌克兰后,欧俄间的地缘平衡被打破,双方在处理相互关系时要基于全新的地缘战略,这标志着欧洲格局正在悄然变化着,而这将是更危险、更值得警惕的。乌克兰危机为欧俄在这一地区的势力争夺画下了暂时的句点,但地缘战略空间的变化也为日后欧洲地缘政治关系的处理带来了不确定性。本文意在通过建立地缘政治理论框架以剖析欧盟与俄罗斯的关系在乌克兰危机中受到的影响,以及双方在乌克兰的地缘战略行为,逐层得出距离、权力与外部力量是欧俄关系在乌克兰危机中受到影响的最直接也是最主要原因。地缘因素是令欧俄对乌克兰产生兴趣的最明显、最直接的原因,乌克兰的地理位置决定了它被大国争夺的命运。而能够使乌克兰危机上升至地缘政治冲突层面的则是欧俄在这一地区的权力争夺,也就是地缘政治关系的本质,欧俄在传统地缘政治观念影响下将争夺乌克兰视为扩大权力的首要且关键目标,各自带着重拾强大权力与复兴的愿望,制定了相应的地缘战略,试图通过将乌克兰纳入势力范围来逐步实现,这成为了推动欧俄关系与乌克兰危机互动的动力。美国则根据其全球战略从外部对欧洲地缘空间施加着影响力。在大国包围之下而,乌克兰所受到来自于强国的压力会更为明显,也更难以保持中立,势必会在东西方势力中有所倾斜,当乌克兰决定倾向于哪一方时,这种压力也会相应转移回欧俄身上。乌克兰危机中欧俄双方行为的后果为欧洲地缘政治格局带来了不确定性,欧俄关系朝着何种方向发展将在一定程度上决定未来欧洲格局是积极的或是消极的,而欧俄在相互交往过程中既存在固有的传统地缘政治观念,又随着时代的发展深受新地缘政治观念影响,从而将传统地缘政治观念与新地缘政治观念进行结合,运用建构主义理论能够全面地分析欧俄关系能否从冲突转向合作。欧洲与俄罗斯关系代表着欧洲的和平稳定,欧洲格局在乌克兰完全倒向西方后将出现新的调整,因此欧俄关系的走向成为世界关注的焦点。
[Abstract]:Ukraine's independence has brought balance to the middle zone of Europe and Russia, increased the buffer in the possible geopolitical conflicts between Europe and Russia. Its geographical significance is more prominent than ever, except for its stabilizing role in Europe's geo-space. More in Europe and Russia in the geo-strategy has an important position. The location of Ukraine determines that Ukraine will play an important role in the geopolitical axis of Eurasia, so the crisis in Ukraine, in addition to conflicts caused by internal contradictions, is also a geopolitical game. Ukraine's East and West Russia and Europe are deeply affected, and cooperation in economic, political, security, cultural and other fields has been affected. The more far-reaching impact has been to shake the geopolitical structure of Europe gradually formed after the Cold War. The stability of this pattern is based on the peaceful coexistence of Europe and Russia. But from the perspective of the actions of Europe and Russia before and after the outbreak of the crisis, The two sides show their absolute pursuit of power, interests and sphere of influence. The conflict in the traditional geopolitical concept still affects the relationship between the two sides. When Russia loses Ukraine, the geopolitical balance between Europe and Russia is broken, and the two sides deal with each other on the basis of a new geo-strategy, which marks a quiet change in the European landscape, which will be more dangerous and more alarming. The crisis in Ukraine has brought a temporary end to the struggle between Europe and Russia in this region, but the change of geo-strategic space has also brought uncertainty to the future handling of geopolitical relations in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to establish a geopolitical theoretical framework to analyze the impact of the relationship between the EU and Russia in the crisis in Ukraine, as well as the geostrategic behavior of both sides in Ukraine, and to draw the distance from one level to the next. Power and external power are the most direct and main reason why Europe-Russia relations have been affected in Ukraine crisis. The geopolitical factor is the most obvious and direct reason why Europe and Russia are interested in Ukraine, whose geographical position determines its fate as a major power. What can elevate the Ukraine crisis to the level of geopolitical conflict is the power struggle between Europe and Russia in this region, that is, the essence of geopolitical relations. Under the influence of the traditional geopolitical concept, Europe and Russia regarded Ukraine as the primary and key goal of expanding power, and each made a corresponding geo-strategy with the desire to regain strong power and rejuvenate. Attempts to bring Ukraine into its sphere of influence have become the driving force behind the interaction between Europe and Russia and the crisis in Ukraine. According to its global strategy, the United States exerts influence on Europe's geo-space from the outside. Under the siege of the great powers, the pressure on Ukraine from the powerful would be more obvious, and it would be more difficult to remain neutral, and it would certainly tilt in the East and the West, and when Ukraine decided which side to favor, The pressure will also shift back to Europe and Russia. The consequences of the actions of both Europe and Russia in the Ukraine crisis have brought uncertainty to the geopolitical structure of Europe. To a certain extent, the direction in which Euro-Russian relations will develop will determine whether the future European pattern is positive or negative. In the process of mutual contact, Europe and Russia not only have inherent traditional geopolitical concepts, but also have been deeply influenced by new geopolitical concepts with the development of the times, thus combining the traditional geopolitical concepts with the new geopolitical concepts. Using constructivism theory can comprehensively analyze whether Europe-Russia relations can change from conflict to cooperation. The relationship between Europe and Russia represents the peace and stability of Europe, and the European pattern will be adjusted after Ukraine has completely turned to the west, so the trend of Europe-Russia relations has become the focus of the world's attention.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D851.13;D814.1;D851.2

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