合族共漕:清代地方基层的一种漕务应对实态

发布时间：2018-07-02 20:52

本文选题：宗族 + 漕务　；参考：《北京联合大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：漕制,在传统社会当中是为历朝统治者所重视的一项重要国家制度,尤以明清两朝为盛。明末,漕运引发了许多社会问题,诸如摊派、腐败等。清代所延续的明代一条鞭法赋税制度实际是整合了明末各种摊派后的结果,给基层民众所带来的负担颇为繁重,作为"天庾正赋"的漕赋则更加如是。清代基层社会民众对于漕务的主要应对实态大致可分为三种:一是积极完漕;二是极端抗漕;三是消极拖逃。近年学界对于抗漕与漕粮拖逃的样态关注相对较多,因为碰撞冲突能够较为直观地呈现社会结构的动态。而对于地方基层多数民众如何完漕及其影响则关注相对较少。事实上,合族共漕可以说是清代地方基层社会的主要漕务应对实态,其主要包含两个层面的样态:一是通族共漕,即能以一族之力应对;二是联族共漕,即多族联合应对。基层社会正是通过这种灵活多变的形式得以突破困境进而求得发展,同时也在较长时期内维护了地方基层乃至整个王朝社会的稳定。
[Abstract]:In the traditional society, Cao system is an important national system attached great importance to by the rulers of the past dynasties, especially the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, water transportation caused many social problems, such as apportion, corruption and so on. The tax system of one whip law in Ming Dynasty continued in Qing Dynasty was actually the result of integrating all kinds of assessments in the late Ming Dynasty, which brought heavy burden to the grassroots people, even more so as "Tianyu Zhengfu". In Qing Dynasty, the basic social people's main response to Caoshe can be divided into three kinds: one is to finish the Caohe positively; the other is extreme resistance to Caohe, and the third is to drag and flee passively. In recent years, scholars have paid more attention to the pattern of resistance to the diversion of grain and grain, because collision conflicts can more intuitively present the dynamics of social structure. And for the local grass-roots majority of people how to finish the channel and its impact is relatively less concerned. As a matter of fact, it can be said to be the main state of the local grass-roots society in Qing Dynasty, which mainly includes two aspects: one is the common channel of the whole clan, that is, it can be dealt with by the force of one clan; the other is the joint channel of the joint clan, that is, the multi-clan joint response. It is through this flexible and changeable form that the grass-roots society can break through the predicament and seek development, and at the same time, it also maintains the stability of the local grassroots and even the whole dynasty society for a long time.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代漕运对于区域社会环境影响的实证研究”(项目编号:14AZS012)
【分类号】：D691

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