美国策划联合国首份涉藏决议过程中的印度因素

发布时间：2018-07-21 17:38

【摘要】：中美关系解冻前,历届美国政府除军事援助"藏独"势力叛乱之外,还在政治上推动西藏问题的国际化。策划联合国通过涉藏决议始于杜鲁门政府时期,但因印度的反对而被无限期推迟。随着达赖喇嘛1959年叛逃,中印关系发生微妙的变化,艾森豪威尔政府重启了藉由联合国介入西藏局势的进程。为了避免尼赫鲁阻挠,美国选择了采用幕后操作的方式来策划联合国首份涉藏决议。这份决议立足于西方所谓的"人权""自决权"原则而未提及西藏"独立",最终在联大获得了通过。美国藉此达到了一箭三雕的目的:树立起美国捍卫人权、自决权的形象;诋毁中国声誉,强化对华遏制孤立;在中印之间打入制造矛盾的楔子。这份决议是冷战时期影响中美印三国关系演变,以及西藏问题被国际化的过程中的关键一环。
[Abstract]:Prior to the thaw of Sino-US relations, in addition to military assistance for the rebellion of the "Tibetan independence" forces, successive US governments also promoted the internationalization of the Tibet issue politically. The plan for the UN resolution began during the Truman administration, but was postponed indefinitely because of India's opposition. As the Dalai Lama defected in 1959 and Sino-Indian relations changed delicately, the Eisenhower government resumed the process of involvement in Tibet through the United Nations. To avoid Nehru hindrance, the United States chose a behind-the-scenes approach to masterminding the first UN resolution on Tibet. The resolution, based on the so-called "human rights" and "right to self-determination" principle in the West, made no mention of Tibet's "independence" and was finally adopted by the UN General Assembly. The United States thus achieved the goal of "one arrow and three carvings": to establish the image of the United States defending human rights and the right to self-determination; to denigrate China's reputation, to strengthen its efforts to contain its isolation from China; and to infiltrate the wedge that creates contradictions between China and India. The resolution was a key part of the Cold War process that influenced the evolution of relations between China, the United States and India, and the internationalization of Tibet.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“‘藏独’势力兴衰的国际背景及我国对策研究”(项目批准号:10BGJ003)的研究成果
【分类号】：D835.1;D871.2

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