个体视角下农村老年人养老水平评估指标体系的构建与应用

发布时间：2018-07-21 22:17

【摘要】：在农村养老研究领域,学者们常以养老水平、养老质量、养老福利等词汇描述农村老年人养老状况,但是对养老状况好坏优劣的评价标准却鲜有专门研究。而在经济学、人口学等领域,已然存在众多成熟的关于居民生活质量、生活水平及其指标体系的研究,为如何确定评价标准提供了方法上的参考。本研究提出“个体视角下农村老年人养老水平评估指标体系的构建与应用”这一研究题目,旨在对上述两个研究领域进行一次探索性结合,构建农村老年人养老水平评估指标体系,利用所构建的指标体系评估农村老年人的养老水平,依据评估结果呈现农村老年人养老水平现状,并进一步深入挖掘影响农村老年人养老水平的因素及可能的原因,最终完成一项逻辑相对严谨的农村老年人养老水平评估指标体系研究。本研究以穆光宗的养老资源说(2000)为指导,认为经济或物质资源、照料资源、精神资源的多少,可以代表养老水平的高低。以2013年CHARLS全国基线调查数据为素材,采用因子分析方法,从21项养老资源指标中筛选出反映农村老年人经济、照料、精神资源的8个关键指标,构建起农村老年人养老水平评估指标体系。最终的指标体系中含有4个维度,分别是:子女照料(0.309)、个人经济(0.246)、生活自理(0.229)、精神满足(0.216)。第一个维度反映出养老水平评估指标体系的子女特征不可忽视,尤其子女照料是权重最大的维度,后三个维度则显示出该体系的个体特征明显,农村老年人自身和及其子女是决定养老水平高低的两个主体。研究者利用该指标体系评估数据样本中每位农村老年人的整体养老水平(F)及其各个组成部分的水平,分别是子女照料水平(F_1)、个人经济水平(F_2)、生活自理水平(F_3)、精神满足水平(F_4),并对不同年龄、性别、婚姻状态、居住方式、劳动状态的农村老年人的养老水平现状进行了描述与对比,对农村老年人的养老水平的整体与部分的分布现状与特征形成一定的认知。在现状分析的基础上,研究者分别以养老水平综合得分和各项养老水平因子得分为因变量,引入年龄、性别、婚姻状态、居住方式、劳动状态5项个体特征为自变量,建立多元线性回归模型,得到以下研究结论:第一,男性、无配偶、与子女同住的农村老年人的子女照料水平更高;第二,低龄、男性、与子女同住的农村老年人的个人经济水平更高;第三,低龄、男性、有配偶、仍参与劳动的农村老年人的生活自理水平更高;第四,高龄、女性、无配偶、不与子女同住、退出劳动的农村老年人的精神满足水平更高;最后,综合而言,高龄、男性、无配偶、与子女同住、仍参加劳动的农村老年人的整体养老水平更高。
[Abstract]:In the field of rural pension research, scholars often describe the old-age status of the rural elderly by terms such as pension level, pension quality, old-age welfare and so on, but there are few special studies on the evaluation criteria of the quality of the old-age care. However, in the fields of economics and demography, there are many mature researches on the quality of life, living standard and its index system, which provide a method reference for how to determine the evaluation standard. The purpose of this study is to make an exploratory combination of the above two research fields, which is called "the Construction and Application of the Evaluation Index system of the Old-age level of the Rural elderly from the individual Perspective". The evaluation index system of the old-age level of the rural elderly is constructed, and the old-age level of the rural elderly is evaluated by the established index system, and the present situation of the old-age level of the rural elderly is presented according to the evaluation results. And further dig into the factors and possible reasons that affect the rural elderly pension level, and finally complete a logical relatively rigorous evaluation index system of the rural elderly pension level research. Under the guidance of Mu Guangzong's theory of endowment resources (2000), this study holds that the amount of economic or material resources, care resources and spiritual resources can represent the level of the aged. Based on the data of CHARLS national baseline survey in 2013, using factor analysis method, 8 key indicators reflecting the economic, care and mental resources of the elderly in rural areas were selected from 21 indexes of old-age resources. Build up the rural elderly pension level evaluation index system. The final indicator system contains four dimensions: child care (0.309), personal economy (0.246), self-care (0.229) and spiritual satisfaction (0.216). The first dimension reflects that the characteristics of children in the evaluation index system of pension level can not be ignored, especially the child care is the most weighted dimension, and the latter three dimensions show that the individual characteristics of the system are obvious. The rural elderly themselves and their children are the two main bodies that determine the level of old-age support. The researchers used the indicator system to assess the overall old-age level (F) and its components for each rural elderly in the data sample. They are respectively the level of child care, the level of personal economy, the level of self-care of life, the level of spiritual satisfaction, and the status quo of the old people living in rural areas with different ages, gender, marital status, living style, and working status. The present situation and characteristics of the overall and partial distribution of the old-age level in rural areas have been recognized. On the basis of the analysis of the present situation, the researchers took the comprehensive score of the old-age level and the scores of various factors of the pension level as dependent variables, and introduced five individual characteristics as independent variables, such as age, sex, marital status, living style and labor status. The multivariate linear regression model is established, and the following conclusions are obtained: first, the children care level of the rural elderly living with their children is higher than that of the male, and the second is the low age, the male, the male. The rural elderly who live with their children have a higher personal economic level; third, the young, male, and rural elderly who are still engaged in labor have a higher level of self-care; and fourth, they are old, female, spousal, and do not live with their children. The level of spiritual satisfaction of the rural elderly who quit the labor is higher; finally, the overall old-age level of the elderly who are old, male, spousal, living with their children and still participating in the labor is higher.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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