官治、自治与土司治:民国时期云南腾龙边区的保甲制度

发布时间：2018-09-03 09:05

【摘要】：20世纪30年代中后期,云南省政府开始在全省范围内推行保甲制度,并将保甲与自治合一办理。滇省最具实力的土司多位于滇缅交界的腾龙边区。官方力图以现代化、统一化的区、乡镇、保、甲(闾、邻)的层级体系重组土司区域原有的行政区划,打破传统的组织架构,进而真正实现乃至强化其对边区基层社会的控制。具备强大生命力的土司制度却一仍其旧,虽有行政权力的冲击,但其组织大厦并未因之而轰然倒塌。土司名义上成为设治局统属下的区长,可其权势依然十分强大,乡镇保甲长等职务多被土司公署所垄断。设治局下的乡镇保甲之新建制,"管教养卫"的实际影响十分有限,自治更是徒有其表。概而言之,尽管实际情形与推行保甲制度的预定目标之间尚存有巨大差距,但地方政权对社会资源的汲取能力已日趋增强。与之相对应,土司的权力也逐渐显露出萎缩的态势,基层社会业已强烈地感受到政府所施加的影响。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late 1930s, Yunnan Provincial Government began to carry out Baojia system in the whole province and combine Baojia with autonomy. Yunnan Province's most powerful toast is located on the border between Yunnan and Myanmar Tenglong Border region. The officials tried to reorganize the original administrative divisions of the Tusi region by the level system of modernization and unification of the districts, towns, Baobao, A (Lu, neighbor), break the traditional organizational structure, and then realize and even strengthen their control over the grass-roots society in the border area. The strong vitality of the toast system is still its old, although there is the impact of administrative power, but its organizational buildings did not collapse. Tusi nominally became the district chief under the administration, but his power was still very strong, and the township chief of Baojia was mostly monopolized by the Tusi Office. The establishment of a new system under the administration of the township Baojia, "management, education and health," the actual impact is very limited, autonomy is only its name. In short, although there is a huge gap between the actual situation and the target of carrying out the system, the ability of local governments to absorb social resources has been strengthened day by day. In contrast, the power of the toast has gradually shown a shrinking trend, the grass-roots society has been strongly felt the influence of the government.
【作者单位】：四川大学历史文化学院;四川大学学工部;
【分类号】：D693

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