合肥市民间组织介入社会化养老服务研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 10:26

【摘要】：中国也已进入老龄化社会,这样的认识逐渐被国人所接受。严峻的人口老龄化趋势及其引发的诸多问题,受到了政府的普遍关注和学术界的持续追踪。而安徽省作为中部地区的人口大省之一,其进入老龄化社会的时间比全国还要早一年。因此安徽省面临人口老龄化带来的问题更为严重,本省也正采取措施积极应对。居家养老是安徽省养老服务体系建设的重点,然而仅仅依靠老年人家人提供居家养老服务在目前严峻的老龄化趋势下不太现实。其原因有两个方面:一方面老年抚养比逐年攀升,另一方面,时过境迁,老年人的观念也悄然发生变化,他们的养老务需求也呈现多样化的特点,特别是城市的老年人注重老年生活质量,希望有更多的社会参与,发挥余热作用,然而这些依靠家庭和社区都很难满足,况且很多社区现在还处于建设状态。而纵观国内外发达国家或地区发展居家养老服务的经验,居家养老服务走向社会化供给是他们达成的共识。而民间组织介入养老服务的社会化供给是近年来养老服务供给领域的一个新潮流。民间组织作为社会力量的主力军,因其具有组织灵活、组织成员来源于群众而呈现多元化、容易与群众达成共识性合作的特性,它介入居家养老服务的供给可以提高服务效率、资金使用效率和服务质量,能更好的解决居家养老服务特别是城市居家养老服务迫切需要解决的养老服务紧缺问题。本研究试图以养老服务供给主体多元化、养老服务需求多样化的视角,以底线公平主义理论与需要层次理论为理论依据,注重学理研究与实证相结合,采用文献研究与实证研究相结合的方法,以安徽省社家老年服务中心、金谷医院两个社会组织介入合肥市居家养老社会化服务为例,探索民间组织在城市居家养老服务社会化供给中的独特作用。本研究认为合肥市民间组织介入社会化居家养老服务新模式的发展存在政策大环境营造不足、政府对民间组织在居家养老服务体系中的定位不够清晰、民间组织服务定位不清晰,服务内容存在雷同等问题。在批判性借鉴英、日、德等发达国家和中国上海、南京等发达城市发展社会化居家养老服务的经验后,提出架构政府对社会化居家养老服务新模式的全方位支持体系、加强民间组织介入居家养老服务的能力体系建设、加强民间组织介入居家养老服务新模式的社会公信力建设等对策建议。最后本研究得出如下结论:本研究认为金谷医院养老助残中心和安徽省社家老年服务中心介入合肥市居家养老服务展现了他们各自独特的作用,也从侧面反映出民间组织介入居家养老服务是可行的,其介入路径可以多元化。他们的实践证明合肥市引进民间组织介入居家养老社会化供给新模式发展取得了一定的成绩,证明这样的模式是成功的。
[Abstract]:China has also entered an aging society, such understanding is gradually accepted by the people. The austere trend of population aging and many problems caused by it have been widely concerned by the government and followed continuously by the academic circles. Anhui Province, as one of the most populous provinces in the central region, entered the aging society a year earlier than the whole country. As a result, Anhui is facing more serious problems caused by population aging, and the province is taking measures to deal with it actively. Home pension is the key point in the construction of pension service system in Anhui Province. However, it is not realistic to rely on the elderly family to provide home pension service only in the current austere aging trend. There are two reasons for this: on the one hand, the old-age dependency ratio is rising year by year; on the other hand, with the passing of the times, the concept of the elderly has quietly changed, and their needs for old-age care have also shown the characteristics of diversification. In particular, the elderly in cities pay attention to the quality of life, want to have more social participation, play a role in the heat, but these depend on families and communities are difficult to meet, and many communities are still in a state of construction. Looking back at the experience of home care service in developed countries and regions, it is a consensus that home pension service is socialized. The social supply of pension service is a new trend in the field of pension service supply in recent years. As the main force of social power, non-governmental organizations, because of their flexible organization, organizational members from the masses and present diversity, easy to reach consensus with the masses, it can be involved in the provision of home pension services can improve service efficiency. The efficiency of capital use and service quality can better solve the urgent need to solve the problem of the shortage of the old-age service in the home especially in the city. Based on the theory of bottom-line fairness and the theory of hierarchy of needs, this study attempts to combine the theoretical research and empirical research with the diversification of the main body of the old-age service supply and the diversification of the demand for the old-age service. By using the method of combining literature research with empirical research, taking the two social organizations of the Social Service Center of Anhui Province, Jingu Hospital, as an example, two social organizations involved in the socialized service for the aged at home in Hefei are taken as an example. To explore the unique role of civil organizations in the socialization of urban home pension service supply. In this study, the author thinks that there is insufficient policy environment for the development of the new model of socialized family old-age service in Hefei, and the government has not clearly defined the position of the non-governmental organization in the family pension service system. The service orientation of non-governmental organizations is not clear, and the service content is similar and so on. After critically drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries such as Britain, Japan, Germany and other developed countries and developed cities such as Shanghai and Nanjing of China in developing the socialized home pension service, the paper puts forward a comprehensive support system for the government to support the new model of the socialized home pension service. To strengthen the ability system construction of the folk organizations to intervene in the home old-age care service and to strengthen the non-governmental organizations' intervention in the construction of the social credibility of the new model of the home old-age care service and so on. Finally, the conclusion of this study is as follows: this study believes that the intervention of Jingu Hospital for the aged and the Anhui Social Service Center for the elderly in Hefei City shows their respective unique roles. It also reflects that it is feasible for non-governmental organizations to intervene in the family pension service, and their intervention paths can be diversified. Their practice has proved that Hefei has made some achievements in the development of the new model of the introduction of non-governmental organizations into the supply of the aged socialization at home, which proves that this model is successful.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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