信任、规范、网络：中国社区治理中社会资本的三维变量研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 16:12

【摘要】：社区作为基层社会的缩影,是数量最多、分布最广的社会实体。改革开放后,依托“社区制”产生的社区治理开始兴起,现如今,我国在社区发展和建设方面已经取得长足的进步,但也涌现出许多问题,亟待解决以实现有效的社区治理。以信任、规范、网络为主要表现形式的社会资本研究为社区治理提供了一个全新的视角。良好的社会资本不仅是社区治理的重要目标,也是支持社区治理有效运作的基本条件。社区治理的目标就是通过社区多元主体对社区公共事务的共同参与,在相互依赖、职责分明的基础上整合社区资源,共同维护社区公共利益,推动社区发展。社区社会资本作为社区居民间互动所产生的互惠互利关系的总和,有助于社区内多元利益的表达与整合,有利于解决社区治理中集体行动的困境以及降低社区治理成本。关于社会资本的构成,研究社会资本的学者们观点各异,但就一个社会所具有的组织资源而言,信任、规范和网络这三个变量是社会资本的基本组成因素,是人们在社会行动中反复博弈的结果,一旦形成就具有良性互动的效果,社会资本三维变量在社区中体现为社区信任、社区规范与社区网络。当前我国社区社会资本存在发育不良和缺乏的问题,对社区治理造成了阻碍,主要表现为:社区信任存在居民间的人际信任缺失以及居民对社区“三驾马车”的信任度低的问题;社区规范中社区行政法律规范缺失、社区道德伦理规范缺失以及社区互惠规范不足;社区网络存在公民参与网络不充分以及社区关系网络缺失的问题。本文通过研究社区社会资本的现状,发现问题并分析原因,借鉴了美国社区治理中培育社会资本的经验,提出培育我国社区社会资本的建议:完善相关法律政策,创造良好的制度环境;培育社区信任,构建社区信任体系;培育社区规范,建立社区互惠规范;培育社区网络,实现多元主体积极参与。
[Abstract]:Community as the microcosm of grassroots society is the largest and most widely distributed social entity. After the reform and opening up, the community governance based on "community system" began to rise. Nowadays, our country has made great progress in community development and construction, but there are also many problems that need to be solved urgently to realize effective community governance. The research on social capital with trust, norm and network as the main form provides a new perspective for community governance. Good social capital is not only the important goal of community governance, but also the basic condition to support the effective operation of community governance. The goal of community governance is to integrate community resources on the basis of mutual dependence and clear responsibilities, to jointly safeguard community public interests and to promote community development through the joint participation of multiple subjects in community public affairs. Community social capital, as the sum of the mutual benefit relations produced by the interaction among community residents, is helpful to the expression and integration of multiple interests in the community, to solve the dilemma of collective action in community governance and to reduce the cost of community governance. Scholars who study social capital have different views on the composition of social capital, but as far as the organizational resources of a society are concerned, the three variables of trust, norm and network are the basic constituent factors of social capital. It is the result of repeated game in social action. Once formed, it has the effect of positive interaction. The three dimensional variables of social capital are community trust, community norm and community network in the community. At present, there are problems of poor development and lack of community social capital in our country, which hinder the community governance. The main manifestations are as follows: the lack of interpersonal trust among the residents and the low trust degree of the residents to the "Troika" of the community; In the community norms, the lack of legal norms of community administration, the lack of ethical norms of the community and the lack of norms of community reciprocity; the problems of the network of citizen participation and the lack of network of community relations exist in the community network. By studying the current situation of community social capital, finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, this paper draws lessons from the experience of cultivating social capital in American community governance, and puts forward some suggestions for cultivating community social capital in our country: perfecting the relevant laws and policies, Create a good institutional environment; Cultivate community trust, build community trust system, cultivate community norms, establish community reciprocity norms, cultivate community networks, and realize active participation of multiple subjects.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3

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