韩国新村运动的地方自治化改革对中国村民自治的启示研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:03

本文选题：新村运动 + 地方自治　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪60年代,韩国制定并推行了两次经济发展计划,通过10年的努力,韩国原来已经几乎崩溃的经济取得了飞速发展,工业化发展迅速。与此相反,韩国农业的发展面临停滞状态,农民的收入很低,城乡收入差距越来越大,大量农村人口流向城市,国内矛盾逐渐扩大,严重制约了韩国经济的进一步发展。为了改变农村落后局面,1970年韩国正式决定开展“新村运动”。新村运动实施了10年之后,在物质方面,农民收入得到增加,农村地区克服了粮食短缺的问题,基本解决了温饱问题,生活环境也得到了改善;在政治文化方面,在农村地区民主主义成为了主流,由于新村运动的宣传和教育,基层民主得到了发展,全体居民直接参与民主决策,村民自助决定农村事务;在精神素质方面,通过精神启蒙运动的洗礼,提高了村民的综合素质,改变了旧的生活习惯,培养了积极的精神态度,同时村民的意识形态结构也发生了改变,重新定义了正确的国家观,民族观和价值观。然而,新村运动也存在着一些争议。首先,新村运动是以政府为主导的自上而下的动员机制,因此很容易受到政治事件的影响。随着朴正熙总统的逝世和上世纪90年代政治权力的更替,新村运动的性质也发生了改变,转变为民间团体组织,同时一直受到权力的干涉。其次,新村运动忽略了地方自治和分权的因素,仅仅强调经济建设效率和致富工作。最后,新村运动缺乏环境保护意识,只注重国内经济的发展,而忽视了环境因素。本文通过论述新村运动的思想渊源、发展过程、具体内容以及评价、着重分析了地方自治与新村运动的相关性,并通过两者之间的比较,来推出韩国新村运动的地方自治化改革方案,而且对此进行了可行性分析,在此基础上,结合新村运动的历史发展经验,对我国村民自治的建设给出了发展途径和一些启示。
[Abstract]:In the 1960s, South Korea formulated and implemented two economic development plans, through 10 years of efforts, South Korea has almost collapsed the economy has made rapid development, rapid development of industrialization.On the contrary, the development of Korean agriculture is facing stagnation, the income of farmers is very low, the income gap between urban and rural areas is increasing, a large number of rural population flows to cities, and the domestic contradictions are gradually expanding, which seriously restricts the further development of Korean economy.In order to change the rural backwardness, in 1970 South Korea officially decided to launch a "new village movement."Ten years after the implementation of the New Village Movement, the peasants' income has increased materially, the problem of food shortage has been overcome in rural areas, the problem of food and clothing has been basically solved, and the living environment has been improved; in the political and cultural aspects,Democracy has become the mainstream in rural areas. As a result of the propaganda and education of the New Village Movement, grass-roots democracy has been developed, all the residents directly participate in democratic decision-making, and the villagers themselves decide rural affairs; and in terms of spiritual quality,Through the baptism of the spiritual Enlightenment Movement, the comprehensive quality of the villagers has been improved, the old living habits have been changed, and the positive spiritual attitude has been cultivated. At the same time, the ideological structure of the villagers has also been changed, and the correct concept of state has been redefined.National outlook and values.However, the new village movement also has some controversy.First, the New Village Movement is a government-led top-down mobilization mechanism and is therefore vulnerable to political events.With the death of President Park Chung-hee and the change of political power in the 1990s, the nature of the new village movement has also changed, transforming itself into a civil society organization, which has been interfered with by power.Secondly, the New Village Movement ignored the factors of local autonomy and decentralization, and only emphasized the efficiency of economic construction and the work of becoming rich.Finally, the new village movement lacks environmental protection consciousness, only pays attention to the development of domestic economy, but neglects the environmental factor.By discussing the origin, development process, concrete content and evaluation of the New Village Movement, this paper emphatically analyzes the correlation between the local autonomy and the New Village Movement, and through the comparison between the two,Based on the analysis of the feasibility of the reform of local autonomy of the New Village Movement in South Korea, the author gives the way of development and some enlightenment to the construction of villagers' autonomy in our country based on the historical development experience of the New Village Movement.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D731.26

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