泰国民主的倒退:公民社会与政治体制的矛盾角色

发布时间：2018-05-09 18:55

本文选题：民主化 + 民主巩固　；参考：《南洋资料译丛》2015年04期

【摘要】：自2005年底以来,泰国一直深陷政治危机之中,到目前已经历了2006年9月和2014年5月两次政变。这两次政变深刻暴露出了公民社会和政治体制在政坛中的矛盾作用,其中尤以宪法与宪法法院最为突出。尽管人们普遍希望公民社会和宪制架构(constitutional structures)能够实现与选举授予权、问责制和政治权利密切相关的民主目标,但是人们在泰国所目睹的一切却与此有着天壤之别。公民社会和宪政的参与者一直为党派利益而非民主价值观所驱使。作为2006年和2014年两次政变的导火索,公民社会的各种势力强力动员起来,涌上曼谷街头,试图推翻民选政府。在此过程中,他们为军方实施干预提供了政治空间和合法性。宪法法院和宪法也在反民主活动中起到了推波助澜的作用。起草《2007年宪法》就是明摆着要削弱政党的势力,恢复机构割裂的格局,其终极目的是不让他信·西那瓦(Thaksin Shinawatra)及其阵营重返政坛。宪法法院所宣布的许多判决也同样反映出政治利益,而非客观地依法办事。因此,泰国的民主政体是建立在流沙之上的:人们原本指望一些社会力量和社会制度可以巩固民主,但是事实表明,就连他们自己亦对其与民主的关系深感困惑。
[Abstract]:Since the end of 2005, Thailand has been in the middle of the political crisis and has now experienced two coups in September 2006 and May 2014. The two coups have deeply exposed the contradictory role of civil society and political system in the political arena, especially the Constitution and the constitutional court, even though people generally hope that civil society and constitutional framework are generally expected. Constitutional structures can achieve democratic goals closely related to the right to vote, accountability and political rights, but what people see in Thailand is different from that. Civil society and constitutionalism have been driven by party interests rather than democratic values. The two administration in 2006 and 2014. In the process, they provided political space and legitimacy for the intervention of the military. The constitutional court and the Constitution also played a role in the anti democratic activities. The drafting of the constitution of the <2007 was clear. The ultimate aim of Thaksin Shinawatra (Thaksin Shinawatra) and its camp to return to the political arena is to weaken the political party's power and to return to the political arena. Many of the judgments announced by the constitutional court also reflect the political interests rather than the objective law. Therefore, the democratic regime in Thailand is based on the flow sand: the people are originally the original. It is expected that some social forces and social systems can consolidate democracy, but facts show that even they themselves are deeply puzzled about their relationship with democracy.

【作者单位】：加拿大麦吉尔大学政治学系;成都学院(成都大学)四川省泰国研究中心;成都学院(成都大学)外国语学院泰语系;
【基金】：四川省哲学社会科学研究“十二五”规划2013年度课题“国外智库2000-2013泰国研究译介”(SC13WY25)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D733.6

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