靖国神社与国家神道

发布时间：2019-01-17 14:39

【摘要】：幕府时代末期天皇政权在京都祭祀死难的维新志士,是为靖国祭祀之始;通过祭祀动员和利用宗教组织,以强化自己的传统权威和政治能量,也开创了"祭政合一"的政治范式。明治政权甫一成立,京都招魂社即迁入东京,成为坐落于东京九段的东京招魂社,即今天的靖国神社。自19世纪后半程至第二次世界大战结束的八十余年间,由于天皇制的不断强化,集体祭祀传统的神社神道和皇室神道结合起来,编造出国家宗教的国家神道,它强制要求国民无条件地忠诚国家的指导思想。而靖国神社作为天皇的神社和国家神道最重要的载体,在战争期间发挥了重要的精神功效。了解靖国神社与国家神道的历史与意识形态,有助于深化我们对日本近代历史的认识,对于防止日本保守势力重蹈历史覆辙也具有深刻的意义。
[Abstract]:At the end of the shogunate period, the Emperor's regime sacrificed to the dead in Kyoto, which was the beginning of the Yasukuni sacrifice. Through the mobilization and use of religious organizations through sacrifice, to strengthen their traditional authority and political energy, also created a "sacrifice and government in one" political paradigm. As soon as the Meiji regime was established, the Kyoto shrine moved to Tokyo, where it is located in the ninth section of Tokyo, the Yasukuni Shrine today. From the second half of the 19th century to the end of the second World War, more than 80 years, due to the continuous strengthening of the imperial system, collective worship of the traditional shrine and royal Shinto combined to fabricate the national religion of the national Shinto. It obliges citizens to be unconditionally loyal to the guiding ideology of the nation. The Yasukuni Shrine, as the emperor's shrine and the most important carrier of the state Shinto, played an important spiritual role during the war. Understanding the history and ideology of Yasukuni Shrine and National Shinto is helpful to deepen our understanding of Japan's modern history and is of profound significance to prevent the Japanese conservative forces from repeating the historical mistakes.
【作者单位】：北京市社会科学院文化研究所;
【分类号】：D731.3

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