从选举人团制度透视美国政治体制中的妥协精神
发布时间：2019-01-17 11:40
【摘要】：妥协精神是美国政治制度的一个显著特征，并且存在于美国政治的方方面面。美国大选的选举人团制度是研究这一妥协精神的经典案例，因为这个制度体现了美国政治中的重要价值观，包括民主、平等和自由。 本文分析选举人团制度所反映妥协精神的三个方面。首先，这个制度的创立本身就是一个妥协，它是全民直选和联邦政府选举之间的一个中间方案。美国的缔造者们否定了全民直选，因为他们考虑到纯粹的民主容易导致暴民政治；同时，对联邦政府选举总统方案的否定是基于欧洲启蒙思想和建国前殖民地的自治传统。第二个妥协与各州的选举人名额有关，反映了大州和小州之间的平衡。第三个妥协与南方各州和北方各州在参议院和众议院中的人数有关，反映了南方和北方之间的平衡。 总而言之，本文认为美国政治制度的一个重要特征就是妥协精神，产生这一精神的原因是美国社会的多元化和美国人对个人权利的不懈追求。选举人团制度或许不是一个完美的大选制度，，但是它是美国政治中妥协精神的完美体现。
[Abstract]:The spirit of compromise is a significant feature of the American political system and exists in all aspects of American politics. The electoral system of the general elections in the United States is a classic case of the spirit of this compromise, as it reflects the important values of the American politics, including democracy, equality and freedom. This paper analyzes the three parties that reflect the spirit of compromise in the system of the electoral college First, the creation of the system is itself a compromise, an intermediate between the direct election of the whole people and the election of the federal government. The founders of the United States denied the popular vote because they considered that pure democracy was easy to lead to mob politics, and that the denial of the Federal Government's presidential programme was based on the European Enlightenment and the self-government of the former colony of the People's Republic of China. The second compromise is related to the number of electors in the states, reflecting the level between the big state and the small state. The third compromise is related to the number of the Southern and Northern States in the Senate and the House of Representatives, reflecting the level between the South and the North To sum up, this paper holds that an important feature of the American political system is the spirit of compromise, and the reason for this is the diversity of the American society and the lack of the right of the Americans to the individual's rights The system of the electoral college may not be a perfect general election system, but it is the end of a spirit of compromise in the American politics.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D771.2
[Abstract]:The spirit of compromise is a significant feature of the American political system and exists in all aspects of American politics. The electoral system of the general elections in the United States is a classic case of the spirit of this compromise, as it reflects the important values of the American politics, including democracy, equality and freedom. This paper analyzes the three parties that reflect the spirit of compromise in the system of the electoral college First, the creation of the system is itself a compromise, an intermediate between the direct election of the whole people and the election of the federal government. The founders of the United States denied the popular vote because they considered that pure democracy was easy to lead to mob politics, and that the denial of the Federal Government's presidential programme was based on the European Enlightenment and the self-government of the former colony of the People's Republic of China. The second compromise is related to the number of electors in the states, reflecting the level between the big state and the small state. The third compromise is related to the number of the Southern and Northern States in the Senate and the House of Representatives, reflecting the level between the South and the North To sum up, this paper holds that an important feature of the American political system is the spirit of compromise, and the reason for this is the diversity of the American society and the lack of the right of the Americans to the individual's rights The system of the electoral college may not be a perfect general election system, but it is the end of a spirit of compromise in the American politics.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D771.2
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