三峡地区新石器时代聚落形态与社会结构研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 22:26

本文选题：三峡地区 + 新石器时代　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：长江三峡地区是人类发源地之一。距今约200万年前的巫山猿人就生活在位于今天三峡地区的重庆巫山县,除此之外,三峡地区从距今约一万多年前至4000多年前的石器时代均有人类生活的文化遗迹,特别在新石器时代人类居住遗迹遗址数量最多、最为丰富。因此,对三峡地区新石器时代考古文化时期人类发展及变迁的聚落形态和社会结构的研究就显得相当重要。新石器时代的三峡聚落从其分布范围来看,城背溪文化时期的聚落主要分布在三峡地区西侧的山前地带和河谷地区,聚落遗址的密集分布区集中在了枝城、宜都一带,因为在该地区,经过长时间的发展、演变,逐渐形成了聚落群团,但是该时期的聚落主要呈散点式分布,从大范围来看似乎存在着类似于早期聚落群团的分布模式,而实际上,此时的聚落发展并不充分。大溪文化时期的聚落主要分布在三峡地区的西侧山前地带和东侧平原地区,聚落遗址的密集分布区则集中在了枝江关庙山为中心的东侧平原地带。此时的聚落发展处于逐渐细化的阶段,聚落内部主要功能区如居址区、墓葬区、宗教祭祀区以及早期手工作坊区等均有较为清晰地布局和规划。屈家岭文化时期的聚落则发展更为充分,规模愈加庞大,分布更加广泛,聚落遗址遍及整个长江三峡地区,特别是在峡东地区的长江中游平原地带如江汉平原形成了聚落密集区。石家河文化时期的聚落发展成为三峡地区新石器时代聚落发展的顶峰时期,尽管该时期处于三峡地区的聚落遗址规模不甚庞大,但是从大量的考古发掘报告来看,位于三峡东部地区,特别是江汉平原和两湖流域出现了大型的聚落遗址群,而且出现了长江中游早期城市文明萌芽,如石家河古城等。从社会结构上看,三峡地区新石器时代的这种聚落文化分布区域的逐步扩大表明,在该时期三峡地区的人口在不断增多,聚落规模逐渐扩大,聚落分布空间在地域范围内也在逐级扩大。从大溪文化中后期至屈家岭文化前期是人类社会由早期的母系氏族向父系氏族社会的转变过度时期,在此过程中由于经济结构的转变而促进了劳动力主体从女性向男性的转变,除此之外,人类在意识形态领域即宗教祭祀方面也出现了文明进化。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges region of the Yangtze River is one of the birthplaces of human beings.About 2 million years ago, the Wushan Man lived in Wushan County, Chongqing, which is located in the three Gorges region today. In addition, there were cultural relics of human life in the three Gorges region from about 10,000 years ago to the Stone Age more than 4000 years ago.Especially in the Neolithic Age, the largest number of human living sites, the most abundant.Therefore, it is very important to study the settlement form and social structure of human development and change in the Neolithic archaeological culture period in the three Gorges area.From its distribution scope, the settlement of the three Gorges in the Neolithic Age was mainly distributed in the mountain front and valley areas in the western side of the three Gorges area, and the dense distribution areas of settlement sites were concentrated in Zhicheng and Yidu areas.Because in this area, after a long period of development and evolution, gradually formed a cluster of settlements, but the settlement of this period mainly distributed in the form of scattered points, from a large scale it seems to exist similar to the early cluster of the distribution of patterns, but in fact,The settlement development was not sufficient at this time.During the period of Daxi Culture, settlements were mainly distributed in the west front of the three Gorges area and the eastern plain, and the dense distribution area of settlement sites was concentrated in the eastern plain of Guanmiao Mountain, Zhijiang River.At this time, the settlement development is in the stage of gradual refinement, the main functional areas within the settlement such as residential areas, burial areas, religious sacrificial areas and early manual workshop areas have a relatively clear layout and planning.The settlement in the Qujialing period was more fully developed, larger and more widely distributed, and the settlement sites spread throughout the three Gorges region of the Yangtze River.Especially in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, such as Jianghan Plain, a settlement area is formed in the east part of the Yangtze River.The settlement development of Shijiahe culture period became the pinnacle of the Neolithic settlement development in the three Gorges area. Although the settlement site in the three Gorges area was not very large in this period, it was seen from a large number of archaeological excavation reports.In the eastern part of the three Gorges, especially in the Jianghan Plain and the two Lake basins, there are large settlement sites, and the early urban civilization sprout in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, such as the ancient city of Shijiahe.In terms of social structure, the gradual expansion of the Neolithic region of the three Gorges region shows that the population of the three Gorges region was increasing and the scale of the settlement was gradually expanding during that period.Settlement distribution space in the geographical scope is also expanding step by step.From the middle and late stage of Tahsi culture to the early stage of Qujialing culture, the transition period of human society from the early matriarchal clan to the patrilineal clan society, and the transformation of labor force subject from female to male was promoted by the change of economic structure in this process.In addition, human beings in the ideological field, that is, religious sacrifice also appeared civilization evolution.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878

【参考文献】