关中地区商周时期房屋建筑遗存的类型及功能分析

发布时间：2018-05-14 23:28

本文选题：商周时期 + 房屋建筑遗存　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 商周时期遗留下来的各种房屋建筑遗存和遗迹现象中,蕴含着极为重要的历史信息。对房屋建筑遗存系统的分析和研究,将会丰富和充实商周史的研究,进而会促进对中国早期古代文明的研究。此外,商周时期是古代建筑发展的初期阶段,以此为研究对象将有助于中国建筑史的研究。目前学术界对于商周房屋建筑的研究,主要是针对某一类建筑展开研究,且从建筑布局、建筑技术角度对房屋建筑进行研究。而对于各类建筑的系统研究还比较少,对于建筑材料与房屋建筑的搭配组合研究亦不够充分。因此,本文以关中地区商周房屋建筑和建筑材料为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,充分利用考古资料,结合相关文献记载,运用考古学的基本理论和方法,对各类房屋建筑和建筑材料进行类型学分析,在型式划分的基础上,寻找房屋建筑和建筑材料之间的组合关系,分析房屋建筑的特点,最后探讨房屋建筑的性质和功用。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分,绪论。以1976年为界,将关中地区商周时期房屋建筑遗存的发现与研究情况划分为两个阶段,并对两个阶段做以简要评价,进而提出本文的研究方法和目的。第二部分,房屋建筑遗存的类型分析。根据房屋建造的不同形式,将关中地区商周时期的房屋建筑分为夯土台基式、地穴式、窑洞式和地面起建式四类。夯土台基式建筑又分为带回廊的长方形建筑、四合院式建筑、“工”字形建筑、多组并列式建筑群、“品”字形建筑群、内有窖穴的正方形建筑、多进院落式建筑七种。地穴式建筑可分为浅地穴和深地穴建筑两种。窑洞式建筑可分为大小两种。第三部分,建筑材料的类型分析。建筑材料有板瓦、筒瓦、瓦当、陶水管道、砖和铜质建筑构件六类。板瓦可分为带有瓦钉、带有瓦环、不带瓦钉瓦环、穿孔瓦片和脊瓦五种。筒瓦可分为带有瓦钉、带有瓦环和不带瓦钉瓦环三种。瓦当可分为素面、重环纹和同心圆弧纹三种。陶水管道可分为圆筒形管道和瓦管道两种。砖可分为实心砖、空心砖、带钉砖和半圆形砖四种。铜质建筑构件可分为曲尺形、方筒形、楔形、圆筒形、曲尺槽形和片状构件六种。第四部分,房屋建筑遗存和建筑材料的组合及分期。建筑材料只使用于夯土台基式建筑,就目前材料看,房屋建筑遗存和建筑材料共有七种组合方式。依据各类房屋建筑和建筑材料的变化,关中地区商周时期房屋建筑遗存可分为五段三期。第五部分,各类建筑遗存的功能分析。夯土台基式建筑可能为王室或者贵族所有,可能为宫殿、宗庙或者宅院。而地穴式和窑洞式房屋可能为平民所有,作为一般住所使用。
[Abstract]:There are very important historical information in all kinds of architectural relics and relics left over from Shang and Zhou dynasties. The analysis and research on the system of house building remains will enrich and enrich the study of the history of Shang and Zhou dynasties, and further promote the study of the early ancient civilization of China. In addition, the Shang and Zhou dynasties are the initial stage of the development of ancient architecture, which will be helpful to the study of Chinese architectural history. At present, the academic research on the building of Shang and Zhou dynasties is mainly focused on a certain type of building, and from the architectural layout, architectural technology point of view to study the housing architecture. However, the systematic research on all kinds of buildings is not enough, and the research on the combination of building materials and building buildings is not enough. Therefore, this paper takes the building and building materials of Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area as the research object, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of archaeological data, combines the relevant literature records, and applies the basic theories and methods of archaeology. Based on the typology analysis of various kinds of building buildings and building materials, this paper looks for the combination relationship between building buildings and building materials, analyzes the characteristics of housing buildings, and finally discusses the nature and function of housing buildings. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part, introduction. Taking 1976 as the boundary, the paper divides the discovery and research of the buildings in Guanzhong area into two stages, and gives a brief evaluation of the two stages, and then puts forward the research methods and purposes of this paper. The second part, the type analysis of the house building remains. According to the different forms of housing construction, the housing buildings in Guanzhong area during Shang and Zhou dynasties were divided into four types: rammed earth platform type, cave type and ground building type. Rammed earth platform-based buildings are divided into rectangular buildings with closets, quadrangle buildings, "Gong" zigzag buildings, multiple groups of parallel buildings, "Pin" zigzag buildings, square buildings with cellar holes, and seven kinds of multi-courtyard buildings. Underground buildings can be divided into shallow and deep underground buildings. Cave architecture can be divided into two types. The third part, the type analysis of building materials. Building materials include slab tile, tube tile, ceramic pipe, brick and copper building components six categories. Plate tile can be divided into five types: with tile nail, with tile ring, without tile pin ring, perforated tile and ridge tile. Tube tile can be divided into three types with tile nail, with tile ring and no tile pin ring. Wadang can be divided into prime surface, heavy ring and concentric arc. Ceramic pipe can be divided into two types: cylindrical pipe and tile pipe. Brick can be divided into solid brick, hollow brick, nail brick and semicircle brick four kinds. Copper architectural components can be divided into six types: curved, square, wedge-shaped, cylindrical, curved groove and flake. The fourth part, the house building remains and the construction material combination and the stage. Building materials are only used in rammed earth platform-based buildings. At present, there are seven combinations of building materials and building materials. According to the changes of all kinds of buildings and building materials, the buildings in Guanzhong area can be divided into five sections and three periods. The fifth part, the function analysis of all kinds of architectural remains. Rammed terrace-based buildings may be owned by royalty or nobility, palaces, temples or houses. Underground and cave houses may be owned by civilians and used as general residences.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K878

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