淮河流域周代遗存研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 03:21

本文选题：淮河流域 + 周代遗存　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以地层学和类型学为基本研究方法,从陶器和青铜器两个角度出发,对淮河流域周代遗存进行了编年学研究。将淮河流域周代居址遗存分为五个发展阶段。第一阶段,商末周初；第二阶段,西周早期晚段——西周中期早段；第三阶段,西周中期晚段——西周晚期前段；第四阶段,两周之际；第五阶段春秋中期。其中,第一阶段商末周初时期资料较少,与第二阶段之间还难以衔接。其余阶段从陶器发展演变的逻辑看是一脉相承的,中间没有年代缺环。根据青铜器的类型学研究,将淮河流域周代墓葬遗存分为四个发展阶段：第一阶段,西周晚期；第二阶段,两周之际——春秋早期前段；第三阶段,春秋早期后段——春秋中期后段；第四阶段,春秋晚期。其中第一阶段资料较少,仅在鲁东南地区有少量发现。在建立了淮河流域周代遗存时间框架的基础上,对所分各小区内周代遗存的文化构成进行了详细分析。通过对陶器群的分析,可以看出淮河流域周代文化构成包括周文化因素、晚商文化因素、江淮地区的周文化变体创新因素及土著文化因素、吴、鲁、齐诸文化因素,其中江淮地区的周文化变体创新文化因素及土著文化因素占主导地位,其余则属于次要文化因素。各地区在不同的历史阶段,所包含的文化因素不尽相同。其中豫东南地区、鄂东北地区与江淮地区有较大的共性,即西周中期以后均以江淮地区的周文化变体创新因素为主,同时存在江淮地区的土著文化因素,其他则属于次要文化因素,这三个小区可以归为一个文化区——淮河中上游区。从各文化因素的形成时间看,周文化变体创新因素及土著文化因素最早形成于淮河中游的江淮地区,在西周中期晚段以后扩张到其他地区并成为主流。鲁东南地区和苏北地区有较多相似,周文化因素占有主要地位,并因地缘关系的影响,包含一定的鲁文化因索。实际上,该地区的周文化因素极有可能也与鲁国有关。这两个小区可归为一个文化区——苏北鲁东南区。从该地区文化发展的历程看,江淮地区周文化变体创新因素及土著文化因素对该地区的影响比豫东南、鄂东北要小得多。鲁东南地区在较晚阶段还受到了齐文化的一定影响。从青铜器群文化构成因素看,淮河上游区与鲁东南区所包含的周文化因素在诸器群中占有重要地位,尤其是鲁东南区,与周文化传统并无太大差别,且延续时间较长。相比较而言,淮河中下游地区受周文化的影响要少得多。从两周之际——春秋早期前段开始,各小区均出现了具有本地特色的器物,而以淮河中下游区为最,淮河上游区这类器物也占有一定的比例,且与安徽江淮地区在较多器物上相同。鲁东南地区具有本地特色的器物始终居次要地位。同时,各区域之间存在一定的文化联系。从春秋晚期开始,各地区均受到楚文化的深刻影响,并最终于战国时期形成统一的楚文化。在比较了淮河流域周代遗存与宗周地区的周文化、鄂东南地区周代遗存、汉水流域周代遗存、长江以南地区周代遗存、江淮东部地区周代遗存、胶东半岛地区周代遗存之间的差异性之后,认为淮河流域周代遗存是与周文化、楚文化、吴文化及胶东半岛地区东夷文化不同的考古学文化,并进一步明确了这类遗存的分布范围。从出土的金文资料入手,梳理了西周时期周人与淮河流域之间的交往脉络,指出淮河流域的周代遗存为淮夷所留,并进一步分析了淮夷、南淮夷、南夷、东夷这些概念间的区别：淮夷当为淮域之夷的总称,南淮夷主要指淮河上中游地区的夷人,南夷是其省称,西周东夷是与淮夷不同的概念,当指周初山东地区的夷人。并对淮夷的源流问题作了考古学上的观察,认为淮夷的主体应当源自本地,最终于楚、秦时期融入了华夏文明。本文还从考古学资料出发,尝试性地对周代淮夷地区的社会结构进行了分析,认为西周——春秋时期淮夷的某些方国应当是由多个都鄙群组成的复合体,并已进入了国家社会。但并不排除单个都鄙群的简单邦国存在,甚至在西周时期的某些邦还处于前国家形态。文章最后通过对齐、鲁、晋、燕诸国分封时的社会背景入手,并以考古资料及文献记载为证据,认为淮河流域在周初不具备分封的条件,也没有分封的迫切性,因而淮夷之地的方国应当没有受到周的分封。又通过观察齐、鲁、晋、燕在分封后的考古学文化进程,认为周初通过分封,以血缘关系为纽带,通过整合地方文化,将周文化推广到极致,其速度超过此前任何一种考古学文化；同时,随着时间的推移,这种血缘关系与周族渐行渐远,各封国区域特征愈来愈强,最终形成了带有周文化烙印的多姿多彩的东周封国区域文化。而淮河流域由于没有这种分封,缺乏这种由分封带来的主动的整合动力,导致两周时期该地区方国林立,始终没有出现强大的方国。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic research methods of stratigraphy and typologies , this paper studies the history of Zhou Dynasty ' s remains in the Huaihe River Basin from two angles : pottery and bronze .
The second stage , the early evening of the Western Zhou Dynasty _ the mid - west Zhou early stage ;
Stage 3 , late Western Zhou Mid - Late _ Western Zhou late stage ;
Phase IV , two weeks ;
The fifth stage is the mid - period of the Spring and Autumn Period , and it is difficult to connect between the first stage and the second stage . The rest of the period is from the logic of the development and evolution of the pottery , and there is no ring in the middle . According to the typological study of the bronze wares , four development stages are divided into four development stages : the first stage , the late Western Zhou period ;
The second phase , two weeks on the eve of the early Spring and Autumn Period ;
The third stage , the early Spring and Autumn Period , the Mid - Autumn Period of Spring and Autumn Period ;
Phase IV , late spring and autumn , of which the first phase information is relatively small , and only a small number of discoveries have been found in the South - South - East region .

Based on the analysis of pottery group , the cultural factors of Zhou culture in the Huaihe River and the cultural factors of indigenous cultural factors , such as cultural factors , cultural factors and cultural factors , are the main factors in this region .

From the early stage of the early spring and autumn of the Spring and Autumn Period , there is a certain cultural connection between the regions of the Huaihe River . At the same time , there is a certain cultural connection between the regions . At the same time , all regions are deeply influenced by the Chu culture from the late Spring and Autumn Period , and finally the unified Chu culture is formed in the Warring States Period .

This paper analyzes the differences between Zhou Dynasty and Huai River Basin in the Zhou Dynasty of the Huaihe River Basin . After analyzing the differences between the Zhou Dynasty and the Huaihe River Basin in the Zhou Dynasty , the author points out that the main body of the Huai River Basin should be originated from the local , ultimately in the Chu and Qin periods .

The paper also analyzes the social structure of Huaiyi district in the Zhou Dynasty from the information of archeology . It is believed that some of the party countries of Huaiyi in the Western Zhou _ Chun Qiu period should be a complex composed of a number of contemptible groups and entered the national society . However , it does not exclude the existence of the simple state of the individual and even in some states in the Western Zhou Dynasty .

In the end of this paper , the author points out that the Huai River basin should not be divided into a sealed condition at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty , and it is believed that the Huai River valley should not be divided into two weeks in the early Zhou Dynasty , and the Zhou culture is considered as a link by observing Qi , Lu , Jin and Yan .
At the same time , with the passage of time , this kind of blood relationship is gradually away from the Zhou ethnic group , the regional characteristics of each sealed country become more and more strong , and finally form the colorful oriental culture of the eastern Zhou Dynasty with the Zhou culture brand .
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878

【引证文献】