河北省平原地区明清古城初步研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 12:43

  本文选题：河北平原 + 明清古城　； 参考：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 城市是一个地区政治、经济和文化的中心,对整个社会经济的发展起着巨大的推动作用。随着人类历史的发展,城市的作用越来越被人们所重视,研究城市史的论著相继问世。明清时期是中国古代城市发展的定型、转型期,这一时期的城市在各方面展现出古代城市建设和规划的多样与成熟。古城也因为地形选址、功能需要、政治地位等的不同呈现出不同的类型和特征。 河北省平原地区自古以来就是城市形成和发展的优越地带。这一区域明清时代的古城,留有大量的历史资料和一些古迹实例。河北省平原地区可分为山麓平原、冲积平原、滨海平原三个地理区域。古城分布遍及平原所有地域,密度由西部的山麓平原向东部的滨海平原递减;该地区的古城一般都是明代修葺并形成定制。 古城的一般特征包括古城的兴起与选址、古城的平面形制、古城城垣的构筑和内部设施以及古城的文教体系与信仰。城池的修筑以防御目的为根本,城内设施完备,包括各级政府机构、宗教建筑、教育建筑等。城内街道以东西、南北十字大街为主要特征,街口建有标志性建筑。优越的自然条件决定了古城的选址和平面形制;古城本身的防御特性加强了古城修筑的实用性;古城的规划和附属功能使其人性化特点得以展现。这些特征说明了古城与人和自然的关系,表现了人们为满足自身发展需要而进行的有益实践。 古城的分类有以下几个标准,根据政治和管理意义分为省会、府与直隶州、县与散州;根据古城的职能分为经济之城和防御之城;根据城市平面形态分为规则矩形古城、不规则矩形古城、圆形古城(包括椭圆形);按照地理形势分为山麓平原古城、冲积平原古城和滨海平原古城;按交通线分为官道古城和运河古城。这些标准使看似孤立的古城有了联系纽带,展现了古城的一般共性和城市存在形态的多样性。
[Abstract]:City is a regional political, economic and cultural center, which plays a huge role in promoting the development of the whole social economy. With the development of human history, people pay more and more attention to the role of cities. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the stereotype of the development of ancient Chinese cities. During the period of transformation, the cities of this period showed the diversity and maturity of the ancient urban construction and planning in various aspects. The ancient city also shows different types and characteristics because of the location, function and political status. The plain area of Hebei Province has been the superior area of urban formation and development since ancient times. The ancient city of Ming and Qing dynasties in this area left a great deal of historical data and some examples of historic sites. Hebei plain area can be divided into foothills plain, alluvial plain, coastal plain three geographical areas. The ancient cities are distributed all over the plain and the density decreases from the foothills of the western plain to the coastal plain in the east, and the ancient cities in this area are generally repaired and customized in the Ming Dynasty. The general features of the ancient city include the rise and location of the ancient city, the plane structure of the ancient city, the construction and internal facilities of the ancient city wall, and the cultural and educational system and belief of the ancient city. The construction of the city is based on defense purposes, and its facilities are complete, including government institutions at all levels, religious buildings, educational buildings, and so on. City streets to East-West, North-South Cross Street for the main features, street has a landmark building. The superior natural conditions determine the site selection and plane form of the ancient city; the defensive characteristics of the ancient city itself strengthen the practicability of the construction of the ancient city; the planning and subsidiary functions of the ancient city make its humanized characteristics to be displayed. These characteristics illustrate the relationship between man and nature in the ancient city, and show the beneficial practice that people carry out to meet the needs of their own development. There are the following criteria for the classification of ancient cities, which are divided into provincial capitals according to their political and administrative significance, prefectures and counties and Sanzhou, economic cities and defensive cities according to their functions, and regular rectangular ancient cities according to the shape of the city's plane. Irregular rectangular ancient city, round ancient city (including elliptical city; according to the geographical situation divided into Piedmont plain ancient city, alluvial plain ancient city and coastal plain ancient city; according to the traffic line divided into the Guandao ancient city and canal ancient city. These standards have linked the seemingly isolated ancient cities, showing the general commonalities of the ancient cities and the diversity of the urban existence forms.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K878.8
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本文编号：1964222