试论殷墟晚期青铜礼器的两个发展方向

发布时间：2018-08-22 20:34

【摘要】：不少学者认为青铜礼器在殷墟二期达到了鼎盛时期,自此走向了衰落。本文认为殷墟晚期青铜礼器没有衰落,而是发生了重大变革,青铜礼器向着两个方向继续发展:一个是向着明器方向发展,另一个是沿着实用器方向发展。实用器发展过程中出现了两种不同风格:一是沿着传统的样式继续前行,此风格在铸造技术上没有多大进步,甚至还有衰退趋势;另一种风格是在传统基础上大力创新,此风格的青铜礼器造型奇特,纹饰夸张,使人耳目一新,在铸造技术上有较大提高。明器化和传统样式的青铜礼器多出土于墓葬中,而创新风格的青铜礼器多见于国内外传世铜器以及孝民屯部分陶范所对应的青铜礼器,后者真正代表了殷墟晚期灿烂辉煌的青铜文化。殷墟晚期青铜礼器向着实用器与明器两个发展方向发展的内在原因应是人们思想意识形态的变化。殷墟晚期,殷人开始对上帝及鬼神有所怀疑,宗教观念发生了变化,这也是人类思想观念的一大进步。
[Abstract]:Many scholars believe that bronze ritual ware reached its peak in the second stage of Yin ruins, and then declined. This paper holds that the bronze ritual ware in the late Yin ruins did not decline, but changed greatly, and the bronze ritual ware continued to develop in two directions: one was towards the Ming Dynasty and the other was along the direction of utility. There are two different styles in the development of utility: one is to continue along the traditional style, which has not made much progress in casting technology, and there is even a tendency to decline; the other is to make great efforts to innovate on the basis of tradition. This style of bronze sacrificial objects unique shape, exaggerated patterns, refreshing, casting technology has been greatly improved. The bronze ritual vessels of the Ming Dynasty and the traditional style are often unearthed in the tombs, while the bronze ritual vessels of the innovative style are often found in the bronze vessels handed down at home and abroad, as well as the bronze ritual objects corresponding to some of the pottery styles in Xiaomingtun. The latter really represents the splendid bronze culture of the late Yin ruins. The internal reason for the development of bronze ritual ware in the late Yin ruins towards the direction of utility and Ming ware should be the change of people's ideology. In the late Yin ruins, Yin people began to doubt God and ghosts, and religious ideas changed, which was also a great progress of human ideas.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【分类号】：K876.41

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