陕西淳化枣树沟脑遗址出土人和动物骨骼的同位素分析

发布时间：2018-10-18 16:07

【摘要】：陕西淳化枣树沟脑遗址是近年来考古发现的一处先周及西周时期较大规模的遗址,当时先民的生产生活状况、经济形态以及人和动物的迁移问题,一直为学术界所关注。该遗址大量遗迹、遗物的发掘出土为我们深入了解早期周人的生活状况、生产方式都提供了极有价值的研究资料。开展枣树沟脑遗址的考古学研究,探讨当时先民及周边动物的行为,以期为揭示当时的社会形态、古环境等提供证据,具有非常重要的学术意义。考古学中利用现代高科技手段和自然科学方法可以深入揭示出土遗存的隐含信息。其中,同位素分析技术是科技考古学领域的一个重要手段,已经成为国内外考古学研究的热点问题。该方法主要是利用骨化学处理方法对出土人和动物骨骼进行分析研究,包括用碳、氮同位素分析研究古代人和动物食谱,利用锶同位素分析来研究人和动物的迁移情况。本论文通过对陕西淳化枣树沟脑遗址发掘出土的一批人骨和动物骨骼进行C、N及Sr同位素的分析,研究先民及周边各动物的食谱结构、迁移情况,进一步探索和揭示枣树沟脑地区先民的社会生活形态,与周边各动物存在的相互关系,复原古代环境等潜信息。通过对其同位素比值测试结果的分析,本文主要得出如下几点认识:一、通过对出土人骨样品的C、N稳定同位素分析研究可以得知,枣树沟脑遗址先民的食物结构应以杂食为主,主要是以黍、粟等C4类植物为主食,并辅以少量肉食,肉食来源于驯养或部分狩猎所得的动物;男性跟女性的食物结构无明显差异;先民的饮食结构与其生活的环境和以农业、狩猎和家畜驯养的经济模式直接相关,并且当时地处陕西地区的先民具有基本相似的饮食方式。二、对遗址出土的动物骨骼样品的C、N稳定同位素分析研究表明,枣树沟脑遗址出土的梅花鹿、兔子、狍子、熊为野生动物,以C3类植物为主要食物来源。马、黄牛、绵羊为家养动物,食物中既含C3类植物,也含C4类植物。猪基本属于家养。猪、狗的食物中肉食占有一定的比例,其C、N同位素比值与人类似。马、牛、羊的饲养方式可能为野外放养和固定喂养相结合,猪、狗主要是家庭喂养,其食物来自人们丢弃或残留的食物。在人类周围的动物,其食物结构受到人类活动的影响,与人类社会相互作用,相互影响。三、对出土的人牙釉质样品的Sr同位素分析可以得出,枣树沟脑遗址当时存在部分外来人口。四、遗址出土的动物牙釉质样品的Sr同位素分析表明,遗址出土的1头黄牛,1只狗,2只羊和1只老虎不是当地出生的动物,是从其他地方迁移到遗址周边生存;而其余动物均为当地出生。
[Abstract]:Zaoshugou brain site in Chunhua Shaanxi is a large scale archaeological discovery in recent years. At that time, the production and living conditions, economic form and migration of people and animals were always concerned by academic circles. A large number of relics and relics excavated from the site provide valuable research materials for us to deeply understand the living conditions of the early Zhou people and to study the mode of production. It is of great academic significance to carry out archaeological research on Zaoshugou brain site and to probe into the behavior of the ancestors and the surrounding animals in order to provide evidence for revealing the social morphology and paleoenvironment at that time. In archaeology, the hidden information of unearthed remains can be deeply revealed by means of modern high technology and natural science. Among them, isotope analysis technology is an important means in the field of scientific and technological archaeology, and has become a hot issue in archaeology research at home and abroad. This method mainly uses the bone chemical treatment method to analyze and study the bones of unearthed people and animals, including carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to study ancient people and animal recipes, and strontium isotope analysis to study the migration of human and animal. Based on the analysis of Con N and Sr isotopes of a group of human and animal bones excavated from Zaoshugounao site in Chunhua County of Shaanxi Province, this paper studies the recipe structure and migration of the ancestors and their surrounding animals. To further explore and reveal the social life of the ancestors in Zaoshunou brain area, the relationship with the surrounding animals, restore the ancient environment and other potential information. Based on the analysis of the results of the isotopic ratio test, the main conclusions are as follows: first, through the analysis of the Con N stable isotopes of the unearthed human bone samples, it can be concluded that the food structure of the ancestors of Zaoshugou brain site should be dominated by miscellaneous food. The main food was mainly maize, millet, millet and other C4 plants, supplemented by a small amount of meat, which came from domesticated or partially hunted animals; there was no significant difference in food structure between men and women; and the diet of the ancestors was different from the environment in which they lived and their agriculture. The economic model of hunting and domestication of domestic animals was directly related, and the ancestors in Shaanxi area had similar dietary patterns at that time. Secondly, the study of Con N stable isotopes of animal bone samples unearthed from Zaoshugou brain site shows that Sika deer, rabbit, roe deer and bear are wild animals, and C3 plant is the main food source. Horses, cattle and sheep are domestic animals. Food contains C 3 plants and C 4 plants. Pigs are basically domesticated. Meat accounts for a certain proportion of pig and dog food, and its C ~ + N isotope ratio is similar to that of man. Horses, cattle and sheep may be raised in combination with wild and fixed feeding. Pigs and dogs are mainly fed at home, and their food comes from discarded or residual food. The food structure of animals around human beings is affected by human activities, interaction and interaction with human society. Thirdly, the Sr isotopic analysis of human enamel samples showed that there were some foreign population in Zaoshugou brain site at that time. (4) Sr isotopic analysis of enamel samples of animals unearthed from the site showed that one yellow cow, one dog, two sheep and one tiger, which were not local born animals, had migrated from other places to live around the site. The rest were born locally.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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