法象明器 占施知来——先秦鼎文化考论
发布时间：2019-06-03 11:15
【摘要】： 本文从青铜鼎形器入手,以先秦时期为背景,探索青铜鼎的设计发展进程及其相关的先秦物质、社会和精神文化内涵。 全文重点研究四个方面的内容：一、青铜鼎的形式及其设计演进逻辑；二、先秦时期青铜鼎的生产方式,包括冶铜技术的发展与铸鼎技术的革新；三、先秦时期围绕青铜鼎的功能有关的人类生活方式,包括饮食方式、社会礼制与宗教文化；四、通过对先秦青铜鼎这一典型器物之设计文化研究,探索人类社会生产方式、生活方式与设计行为的相互关系；五、通过与中国古代设计文化的互读互释以及对设计哲学的深入思考,探讨传统文化的继承方式。 青铜鼎形器是中国古代青铜文化的代表,也是较为特殊的一种青铜器,不论是对于作为食器的饮食功能而言或是作为礼器、祭器的社会功能或宗教功能而言,青铜鼎都是使用最广、地位最高的一种青铜器,因此在形制和纹饰方面的设计形式也较为复杂。商人尊神重鬼,所以青铜鼎作为祭器的功能排在首位,纹饰设计的发展是这一时期形式演进的重点,尤以动物纹图案的各种抽象变化最为明显。形制设计上的局部调整也多为突出青铜鼎庄重、浑厚、严肃的意象,表现了商人对祖先神灵的无限敬仰,同时这一时期的青铜鼎也是商代帝王借助人神关系来维护和巩固统治地位的工具。周人尊礼尚德,伦理思想在青铜鼎的形式设计中占据主导。由于周人的饮食文化替代了商人的饮酒文化,礼制思想替代了神制观念,所以青铜鼎作为饮食器具和礼器的功能排在首位,形制设计的发展是这一时期形式演进的重点,尤以器身、鼎足、立耳等结构的变化最为明显。因为饮食功能的需要,所以青铜鼎开始出现不同的形制分类；由于社会功能的需要,所以诞生了列鼎的形式。这一时期青铜器的形式设计不断表现出系统化、规范化的特征。至春秋战国时期,因为礼乐制度的瓦解,青铜鼎的形式设计不再趋于统一标准,而是随着地域的变化表现出明显的地方特征,形制设计上的迥异则更为突出。 青铜鼎在形式上的演进是先秦人类生存方式不断发展的表现。其形式设计的变化决定于生产方式,来源于生活方式。此不仅是针对青铜鼎这一种器物设计发展演进的规律,更是从古至今人类的设计行为所不能违背的哲理。首先,青铜器的生产资料决定了生产技术的选择,而生产技术又决定了器物设计的方向,正是这种先秦社会区别于其它文明的生产方式之不断革新,使得青铜鼎的诞生与发展成为可能；另一方面,生活方式的变化对青铜鼎的功能属性产生了巨大影响,功能的变化直接促使了设计形式的变革。所以,青铜鼎的设计决定于生产方式,来源于生活方式。设计行为介于生产与生活方式之间,是对二者关系平衡的协调,共同促成人类生存方式的进步与发展。 透过对传统工艺典籍与思想经注的探寻,追溯古代设计文化的源头,从文化途径研究古代设计进程的规律,既不同于一般的中国传统设计史侧重于对设计历史发展的时空描述,也不同于工艺美术史着力于对“器”、“物”本身的关注,而是将人类对于青铜鼎形器的设计活动这一复杂庞大的历史进程作为一个事物发展的哲学系统,一方面研究它类似于艺术的感性与科学的理性之创造活动的缘由,另一方面将设计行为的发展放到先秦时期的社会物质、经济、制度、精神等人类之生产、生活方式因素中去审视,从文化途径的视野来关照古代设计演进的逻辑和过程,从中探索设计的本质与哲理,找寻当代设计对传统文化适应性的继承方式。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the bronze tripod, and explores the process of the design and development of the bronze-Ding and its related pre-Qin material, social and spiritual culture connotation in the pre-Qin period as the background. The paper focuses on the contents of four aspects: one, the form of bronze-ding and the logic of its evolution; secondly, the mode of production of bronze in the pre-Qin period, including the development of the copper-smelting technology and the innovation of the casting technology; and the human being related to the function of the bronze-Ding in the pre-Qin period. The way of living, including the dietary pattern, the social and religious culture, and the four, through the study of the design culture of the typical ware of the pre-Qin bronze Ding, explore the cross-correlation of the mode of production, the way of life and the design behavior of the human society. On the basis of the mutual understanding of the Chinese ancient design culture and the deep thinking of the design philosophy, the paper probes into the follow-up of the traditional culture The bronze tripod is a representative of the ancient Chinese bronze culture, and is also a special kind of bronze ware, whether for the function of the food as a food or as a gift, the social function or the religious function of the sacrificial device, the bronze The top is one of the most widely used bronzes with the highest position, so the design of the shape and the pattern The form is also very complex. The merchant is the great ghost, so the bronze tripod is the first place to function as a sacrificial device, and the development of the pattern design is the focus of the evolution of this period, especially the various pumping of the animal pattern. The most obvious change of the image is that the local adjustment on the design of the shape system is also the most serious, thick and serious image of the protruding bronze, which shows the infinite respect of the merchant to the ancestor's spirit, and the bronze in this period is also maintained and consolidated by the emperor of the Shang Dynasty with the help of the relationship between the human and the gods. The tool of the status of the rule. Zhou's respect for Shang and the thought of ethics in the form of bronze Because the people's diet culture has replaced the merchant's drinking culture and the system of etiquette instead of the idea of god, the bronze tripod is the first and the development of the shape-making design is the key of the evolution of this period. Especially the structure of the body, the foot, the ear, etc. The change is the most obvious. Because of the need of the function of the diet, the bronze tripod starts to have different forms and classifications; because of the need of the social function, it is Christmas. The form of the bronze ware in this period is a systematic and systematic way. In the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, because of the disintegration of the ritual and music system, the formal design of the bronze tripod no longer tends to be unified, but as the change of the region shows the obvious local characteristics, the form-making design The evolution of the bronze Ding in the form is the pre-Qin human The performance of the continuous development of the way of existence. The change of its form design is determined by the birth. The way of production is derived from the way of life. This is not only the law of the evolution of the design and development of the bronze tripod, but also from the ancient to the present. In the first place, the means of production of the bronze ware determines the choice of the production technology, and the production technology decides the direction of the object design, which is the continuous innovation of the pre-Qin society in the production mode of other civilizations, so that the birth and the birth of the bronze Ding The development becomes possible; on the other hand, the change of life style has great influence on the function property of the bronze tripod, and the function change is straight The connection has led to a change in the form of design. Therefore, the design of the bronze tripod is determined to be born. The way of production is derived from the way of life. The design behavior is between production and living. It is the coordination of the balance between the two. The progress and development of the existence mode of the traditional process. Through the exploration of the traditional process and the thought of the ancient design culture, the origin of the ancient design culture is traced, and the law of the ancient design process is studied from the cultural way, which is different from the traditional Chinese traditional design history Focusing on the space-time description of the development of the design history, it is also different from the process art history to focus on the "The device", the "object" itself, but the complex and large history of the design activities of the human to the bronze tripod As a philosophical system for the development of a thing, the process is to study the reason of the creation of the sense and science of art, on the one hand, and to put the development of the design behavior into the social material, economy, system, spirit and so on in the pre-Qin period. In the light of the production and lifestyle factors of the class, the logic and process of the ancient design evolution are taken care of from the view of the cultural approach, from which the essence and philosophy of the design are explored to find the contemporary
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876.41
本文编号：2491898
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the bronze tripod, and explores the process of the design and development of the bronze-Ding and its related pre-Qin material, social and spiritual culture connotation in the pre-Qin period as the background. The paper focuses on the contents of four aspects: one, the form of bronze-ding and the logic of its evolution; secondly, the mode of production of bronze in the pre-Qin period, including the development of the copper-smelting technology and the innovation of the casting technology; and the human being related to the function of the bronze-Ding in the pre-Qin period. The way of living, including the dietary pattern, the social and religious culture, and the four, through the study of the design culture of the typical ware of the pre-Qin bronze Ding, explore the cross-correlation of the mode of production, the way of life and the design behavior of the human society. On the basis of the mutual understanding of the Chinese ancient design culture and the deep thinking of the design philosophy, the paper probes into the follow-up of the traditional culture The bronze tripod is a representative of the ancient Chinese bronze culture, and is also a special kind of bronze ware, whether for the function of the food as a food or as a gift, the social function or the religious function of the sacrificial device, the bronze The top is one of the most widely used bronzes with the highest position, so the design of the shape and the pattern The form is also very complex. The merchant is the great ghost, so the bronze tripod is the first place to function as a sacrificial device, and the development of the pattern design is the focus of the evolution of this period, especially the various pumping of the animal pattern. The most obvious change of the image is that the local adjustment on the design of the shape system is also the most serious, thick and serious image of the protruding bronze, which shows the infinite respect of the merchant to the ancestor's spirit, and the bronze in this period is also maintained and consolidated by the emperor of the Shang Dynasty with the help of the relationship between the human and the gods. The tool of the status of the rule. Zhou's respect for Shang and the thought of ethics in the form of bronze Because the people's diet culture has replaced the merchant's drinking culture and the system of etiquette instead of the idea of god, the bronze tripod is the first and the development of the shape-making design is the key of the evolution of this period. Especially the structure of the body, the foot, the ear, etc. The change is the most obvious. Because of the need of the function of the diet, the bronze tripod starts to have different forms and classifications; because of the need of the social function, it is Christmas. The form of the bronze ware in this period is a systematic and systematic way. In the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, because of the disintegration of the ritual and music system, the formal design of the bronze tripod no longer tends to be unified, but as the change of the region shows the obvious local characteristics, the form-making design The evolution of the bronze Ding in the form is the pre-Qin human The performance of the continuous development of the way of existence. The change of its form design is determined by the birth. The way of production is derived from the way of life. This is not only the law of the evolution of the design and development of the bronze tripod, but also from the ancient to the present. In the first place, the means of production of the bronze ware determines the choice of the production technology, and the production technology decides the direction of the object design, which is the continuous innovation of the pre-Qin society in the production mode of other civilizations, so that the birth and the birth of the bronze Ding The development becomes possible; on the other hand, the change of life style has great influence on the function property of the bronze tripod, and the function change is straight The connection has led to a change in the form of design. Therefore, the design of the bronze tripod is determined to be born. The way of production is derived from the way of life. The design behavior is between production and living. It is the coordination of the balance between the two. The progress and development of the existence mode of the traditional process. Through the exploration of the traditional process and the thought of the ancient design culture, the origin of the ancient design culture is traced, and the law of the ancient design process is studied from the cultural way, which is different from the traditional Chinese traditional design history Focusing on the space-time description of the development of the design history, it is also different from the process art history to focus on the "The device", the "object" itself, but the complex and large history of the design activities of the human to the bronze tripod As a philosophical system for the development of a thing, the process is to study the reason of the creation of the sense and science of art, on the one hand, and to put the development of the design behavior into the social material, economy, system, spirit and so on in the pre-Qin period. In the light of the production and lifestyle factors of the class, the logic and process of the ancient design evolution are taken care of from the view of the cultural approach, from which the essence and philosophy of the design are explored to find the contemporary
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K876.41
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