言意之辨的逻辑语境

发布时间：2018-04-15 22:34

本文选题：名 + 实　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：魏晋时期的“言意之辨”是魏晋玄学的核心论题之一,推动了一个时代的哲学、文学、艺术等多个领域的发展。在包含了名与实、语言与思维的关系问题的辩论中,主要有两种对立的观点：一是以王弼为代表的“言不尽意论”,一是以欧阳建为代表的“言尽意论”。本论文以王弼和欧阳建为代表,对他们在“言意之辨”中的主张进行比较和考察,并探讨魏晋时期的“言意之辨”的理论意义和实际意义。一般说来,言指语言、文字,意指思想认识,在这个意义上,“言意之辨”可以理解为探讨人凭语言文字能否把握事物的现象、本质及其发展规律,也就是能否用语言文字把人的认识表达出来。“言意之辨”包含着两个基本的问题：一是人是否具有完全认识能力的问题,即人是否能否把握事物的现象、本质及其发展规律；二是对人的认识的表达问题,即人能否使用语言文字把认识表达完整。这其中又暗含着辩论双方以何种名实观和正名观为前提的选择。在对第一个问题的探讨上,王弼既注意到了人认识事物过程的复杂性,曲折性,他既看到了人认识能力非至上性的一面,又看到了至上性的一面,但更关注非至上性的一面；而欧阳建则更强调人认识能力的至上性,他认为人对事物的认识几乎是一次完成的,不但可以认识事物的现象,而且可以把握事物的本质和规律。在考察方法上,王弼主要运用了体悟、直觉的方法,而欧阳建则在其论述中运用逻辑论证的理性方法。在第二个问题上,王弼看到了语言符号的相对性和局限性,认为世界上存在着不能用名、言表达的东西,如人的精神境界与信念信仰既不能完全用语言表达的,也无法用逻辑的方法证明。也就是说王弼已注意到了通常被人们所忽略的语言与其所表达的思想之间的存在差别和矛盾的问题,他把语言和思想的关系看成是一种动态的充满矛盾的活动过程。欧阳建则从名与物、言与理的统一出发,忽略了言与意相矛盾的一面。他肯定了“名”在认识、辨别事物上的重要性,肯定了通过逻辑认识理性地把握客观事物的可能性,坚决认为人们可以用言(名)来反映客观世界,可以运用逻辑思维达到客观真理。魏晋时期的“言意之辨”对当时以及后代中国思想界在语言与思维方面的影响很大,有学者曾评论说,“该学说如Occam's razor,以利刃尽削除汉人学问之芜杂”2。“言意之辨”使得思维突破有限和具体,走向无限与抽象。也正是这场大辩论,展现并提高了魏晋人的思辩水平和审美思维能力,对后世哲学、文学、艺术等诸多方面也有深远的影响。
[Abstract]:The differentiation of speech and meaning in Wei and Jin dynasties is one of the core topics of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, which promotes the development of philosophy, literature, art and other fields of an era.In the debate on the relationship between name and reality, language and thought, there are two opposing viewpoints: one is the theory of "speech is not full of intention" represented by Wang Bi, and the other is "theory of speech and intention" represented by Ouyang Jian.This thesis takes Wang Bi and Ouyang Jian as the representatives, compares and inspects their opinions in "the differentiation of speech and meaning", and probes into the theoretical and practical significance of "the differentiation of speech and meaning" in Wei and Jin dynasties.Generally speaking, speech refers to language, writing and meaning to the understanding of thought. In this sense, "differentiation of speech and meaning" can be understood as exploring whether people can grasp the phenomenon, essence and development law of things by language and writing.That is to say, whether we can express people's understanding with language and writing.The distinction between speech and meaning contains two basic questions: one is whether people have the ability to fully understand, that is, whether they can grasp the phenomenon, essence and development of things, and the second is the expression of human cognition.That is, whether people can use language and text to complete the expression of knowledge.It also implies the choice of what kind of nominalness and correct name both sides should take.In the discussion of the first question, Wang Bi not only noticed the complexity and tortuosity of the process of people's understanding of things, but also saw the side of non-supremacy and the side of supremacy, but paid more attention to the non-supremacy;Ouyang Jian emphasizes the supremacy of man's cognitive ability. He thinks that man's understanding of things is almost completed, not only the phenomenon of things can be recognized, but also the essence and law of things can be grasped.Wang Bi mainly uses the method of understanding and intuition, while Ouyang Jian uses the rational method of logical argumentation in his argumentation.On the second issue, Wang Bi sees the relativity and limitation of linguistic symbols, and holds that there are things in the world that cannot be expressed by name and words, such as people's spiritual realm and belief can not be expressed in language completely.Nor can it be proved logically.That is to say Wang Bi has noticed the difference and contradiction between the language which is usually ignored by people and the thought he expresses. He regards the relationship between language and thought as a dynamic and contradictory process.Ouyang Jian ignored the contradiction between word and meaning from the unity of name and substance, speech and reason.He affirmed the importance of "name" in understanding and distinguishing things, affirmed the possibility of rationally grasping objective things through logical cognition, and firmly believed that people could use words (names) to reflect the objective world.You can use logical thinking to achieve objective truth.The differentiation of speech and meaning in the Wei and Jin dynasties had a great influence on the language and thinking of the Chinese intellectual circle at that time and in future generations. Some scholars once commented that "this theory, such as Occam's razor, used its sharp edge to remove the uncultivated and miscellaneous knowledge of the Han people" 2.The differentiation of speech and meaning makes the thinking break through the limitation and concrete, and move towards infinity and abstraction.It was this great debate that showed and improved the people's thinking level and aesthetic thinking ability, and also had a profound influence on the philosophy, literature, art and many other aspects of later generations.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B81-092

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