合理生存抑或超越当下——试论马克思对古代政治学“人”观的重建

发布时间：2017-12-28 09:04

本文关键词：合理生存抑或超越当下——试论马克思对古代政治学“人”观的重建　出处：《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：国内学界在研究马克思的人观问题时多从近代哲学和英国古典政治经济学的角度阐释两者之间的继承关系,而对其与古代政治哲学的渊源关系分析较少。从反对封建制和奴隶制的立场出发,西方学者将前资本主义的欧洲历史解读为人受奴役时期,直到近代资产阶级革命成功才终结了这段历史,使人的独立自主与解放得以实现。然而,在马克思看来,资本主义生产关系远未达成上述目标,由于生产资料私有制和社会分工的存在,劳动者向资本家出卖劳动并成为了其实现资本增殖的手段,使工人沦为了现代奴隶制的产物。据此,马克思实现了对古代政治学人观的三重超越,即社会生产力发展的历史传承、生产关系假象和具体的人沦为特定生产关系的参与者。
[Abstract]:In the study of Marx's view of man, scholars in the academic circles explain their inheritance relationship from the perspective of modern philosophy and English classical political economics, but have little analysis of their relationship with ancient political philosophy. From the standpoint of opposing feudalism and slavery, western scholars interpreted the former capitalist European history as a period of slavery, until the success of the bourgeois revolution in the modern era ended the history, enabling the independence and liberation of human beings to be realized. However, in Marx's view, capitalist production relations far failed to achieve the above goals. Because of the existence of private ownership of productive means and the division of labor in society, laborers sold their labour to capitalists and became the means to achieve capital multiplication, which made workers become the products of modern slavery. Accordingly, Marx achieved three transcendence of ancient political view of man: the historical succession of social productivity development, the illusion of production relations and the participants of specific production relations.
【作者单位】：天津工业大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：天津市哲学社会科学研究规划项目:阿尔都塞晚期意识形态理论研究(TJZX16-004)
【分类号】：A81
【正文快照】： 按照西方历史学家对欧洲史演进的划分,古代西方世界通常是指西罗马帝国陷落之前的社会时期。在这一时期,列奥·施特劳斯在他的《政治哲学史》一书中为我们展示了修昔底德、柏拉图、色诺芬、亚里士多德和西塞罗等五位古代哲学家的政治哲学著述。这些思想家直接或间接地探讨了“

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