马克思关于正义的实践主体思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 06:01

本文关键词：马克思关于正义的实践主体思想研究　出处：《郑州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正义问题是当前中国社会的热点和核心。维护和实现社会公平正义，已成为党和政府治国理政的首要目标和任务。马克思思想博大精深，，且存在一个发展的过程。无论是其思想的历史沿革还是文本上存在的差异，都不能遮蔽其正义思想始终明晰地显现着的实践主体——劳动者，这是马克思关于正义的实践主体思想的根本立场。研究马克思关于正义的实践主体思想是中国社会现实的需要，也是破解西方话语垄断深刻理解马克思思想科学性、批判性、革命性与人文性的内在要求。首先，文章采用文本分析法厘定了马克思关于正义的实践主体思想的内在逻辑脉络。马克思通过批判欧洲工人阶级头脑中弥漫的浓厚宗教意识，指出了正义的属人性，破除了正义的天国幻想；在批判思辨哲学从抽象原则出发，颠倒了思维与存在的唯心主义误区之后，马克思指明了正义思想的社会现实基础；在批判了理性主义者所谓的永恒正义的理性设想之后，马克思认为人的实践活动创造了人与自然、人与社会、人与自我的特殊关系，奠定着人的存在前提和基础，确立了人的主体性地位。在马克思那里，正义的主体不再是神、原则、理性，而是活生生的人。这样，在马克思关于正义的实践主体思想线索中现实生活中活生生的人及其实践活动就成为其出发点与归宿，找到了界说正义的现实基础，实现了关于正义的实践主体从抽象到现实的实践转向。进而，文章分析了马克思关于正义的实践主体的具体设定。正义问题从天国回到人间，从理念和原则复归于生活实际，从封建社会的特权与等级发展到资本主义社会的“契约”正义，这一进程凸显了人的主体性地位。马克思没有止步于把正义的主体笼统地归结为现实的人，在现实社会中人与人之间是有差别的，在阶级社会最显著的特征就是阶级性。资本主义社会日益形成两大对立的阶级，两个阶级都是人的本质的异化表现，而广大劳动者无产阶级在这种异化中感受到的却是一种痛苦和非人道的待遇。但是，资本阶级却以抽象的自由、平等、法权掩盖了自由贸易与雇佣劳动背后的剥削实质。唯物史观与剩余价值的发现揭示了资本主义剥削的秘密，无产阶级作为新的历史的开启者承担着解放全人类的任务。实现全人类的解放，建立正义社会的力量来源于无产阶级，关键在于无产阶级政党。最后，文章梳理了马克思关于正义的实践主体的价值指向与路径构想，遵循史论结合的方法阐述了其关于正义的实践主体思想对当前中国社会的意义。马克思通过剩余价值规律与历史唯物主义揭露了资本主义社会正义的形式性与虚幻性，通过阶级分析法，找到了推进社会正义的现实主体——无产阶级。无产阶级只有扬弃私有制，在经济、政治、文化、社会的整体性革命运动中解放自己才能最终解放全人类。无产阶级作为现代生产的主体，是评价、推动社会正义的历史主体。要实现无产阶级的正义就必须通过无产阶级的共同体来实现，就必须扬弃并克服资本主义的私人占有及其造成的劳动与生产资料的分离，实现劳动与生产资料的重新结合，重建劳动者的个人所有制，由社会对生产资料进行管理。这不仅仅是无产阶级的解放，更是人类社会发展模式的新飞跃，是对资本主义生产方式以牺牲自然环境为代价的逐利本性的一种质的超越。经济发展与政治变革为无产阶级专政创造了条件。无产阶级专政为生产的社会化发展打开了坦途，无产阶级在这个运动中挣脱了锁链，整个人类迎来了正义的环境。社会主义国家的无产阶级执政党需要充分吸收资本主义文明，坚持经济建设的主线，坚持社会主义全方位的改革，坚持共产党的无产阶级本色，在制度、政策上努力体现和保障劳动者的劳动正义。
[Abstract]:Justice is a hot issue and the core of the current Chinese society. Maintaining and realizing social fairness and justice, has become the main objectives and tasks of the party and the government. Marx thought is broad and profound, and there is a process of development. It is the difference of the history of thought or text, cannot conceal the practice subject justice has always been clear to show that workers, this is the fundamental standpoint of Marx on justice practice. The main thought of the practice subject study of Marx idea of justice is to China social reality, also is to break the western discourse monopoly profound understanding of Marx thought is scientific, revolutionary and critical, the inherent requirements of humanity.
First, this paper uses text analysis determined the internal logic process of Marx on justice practice subject thought. Marx criticized the European working class in the mind filled with strong religious consciousness, pointed out that the human nature is justice, get rid of the justice of the kingdom of fantasy; in the critique of speculative philosophy from the Perspective of the abstract principle, after the reversal of thinking and existence the idealism of misunderstanding, Marx pointed out the realistic social foundation of justice thought; in a rational assumption to criticize the rationalism of the so-called eternal justice, Marx believed that the practice has created the man and nature, man and society, man and the special relationship of the self, there lay the premise and foundation, established the position of the subjectivity of human being. In Marx, justice is no longer the main God, principle of rationality, but rather people. So, in Marx on justice. In practice, the living people and their practical activities in real life become the starting point and the end result, finding the realistic foundation of defining justice, and realizing the practical turn of the practice subject of justice from abstract to reality.
Then, this paper analyzes the specific setting practice subject of justice Marx. Justice back to earth from heaven, from the concept and principle of returning to the real life, from the feudal privileges and level of development of the capitalist society of the "contract" of justice, this process highlights the subjectivity of people. Marx did not stop at the justice of the body generally attributed to the reality, in reality there is a difference between people, in class society the most significant feature is the class of capitalist society. Increasingly formed two opposing classes, the two class is the alienation of human nature, while the majority of workers in the proletariat the alienation felt is a painful and inhuman treatment. However, the capital class has to abstract freedom, equality, right behind the mask of free trade and labor exploitation The essence of historical materialism and surplus value. The findings reveal the secret of capitalist exploitation, the proletariat as open new history undertakes the liberation of all mankind task. To achieve the liberation of all mankind, the establishment of social justice power comes from the proletariat, the key lies in the proletarian party.
Finally, the article summarizes the main practice of Marx on justice value idea and path, follow the method of combination of history and expounds the significance of the practice of the main idea of justice on the current China society. Marx through the law of surplus value and the historical materialism reveals the form of capitalism and the illusion of social justice, through class analysis method, find the real subject of social justice, promote the proletariat. Only the sublation of private ownership, in the economic, political, cultural and social integrity of the revolutionary movement in the liberation of their own to the liberation of mankind. The main production is the modern proletariat as evaluation, promote social justice of the historical subject. In order to achieve the justice must be realized by the proletarian community, it must abandon and overcome the capitalist private ownership and its cause Separation of labor and production data, combined with the implementation of new labor and production data, the reconstruction of laborer individual ownership by the society for the management of production data. It is not only the liberation of the proletariat, is a new development mode of human society, is a transcendence of the capitalist mode of production at the expense of the environment by nature. Economic development and political reform to create the conditions for the dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorship of the proletariat. Opened the way for the development of social production, the free from the chains in this movement, the whole human ushered in environmental justice. The socialist countries of the proletariat ruling party need to fully absorb the capitalist civilization, adhere to the main line of economic construction. The reform of the socialist orientation, the Communist Party of the proletariat. In the system, policy to reflect and Paul The labor justice of the labourer.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811

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