马克思恩格斯公平正义思想探析

发布时间：2018-01-24 15:11

本文关键词： 公平正义唯物史观社会性阶级性历史性　出处：《中共中央党校》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从1848年马克思恩格斯《共产党宣言》发表以来，公平正义，就成为社会主义和共产主义的重要价值目标，引导着国际共产主义运动的发展，并成为指导人们进行科学社会主义理论与实践活动的重要思想武器和理论依据。在现实中，改革开放所带来的高速发展，也将我国带入了社会转型期、矛盾凸显期，社会公平正义，逐渐成为当前阶段各类社会矛盾的焦点。同时，在理论上，近年来，公平正义在党的重要报告文献上，在党和国家领导人的讲话中多次出现，广大人民群众对于社会公平正义的呼声也愈来愈强，社会公平正义已经成为一个重要的时代课题和理论热点问题。然而，我国学界对社会公平正义问题的研究，出现了一些偏差。一方面，当代某些西方思想家的公平正义思想，影响日益广泛。另一方面，作为我党指导思想和理论渊源的马克思主义，特别是马克思恩格斯的公平正义思想，却面临着被边缘化的危险。面对现实中和理论研究方面存在的问题，我们有必要回到共产主义创始人马克思恩格斯那里去，梳理马克思恩格斯公平正义思想的科学内涵，让马克思主义理论更好的指导实践发展。在马克思恩格斯那里，公平正义是根植于一定的经济基础之上的、具有一定社会性、历史性的概念，他们将其视为一个整体性概念，将其纳入历史唯物主义视野之下进行考察。在马克思恩格斯那里，公平正义是属于观念范畴的上层建筑，它是由经济基础决定的。它不仅是针对个人的，更是针对整个社会而言的。不同的社会阶级，不同的历史阶段，公平正义的内涵不同，因此公平正义的实现和发展具有一定的社会性和历史性。在历史的阶段性发展进程中，公平正义的实现与否，关键在于是否合乎社会生产方式的要求：即能否调动人们的生产积极性，能否促进生产力的发展，能否促进社会进步。更深一层次来讲，即能否合理进行利益配置，达到社会长久进步和整体和谐。所有这一切，都是马克思主义的核心价值，即人的解放与自由全面发展所要求的，并服务于这个核心价值。本文采用文本解读法和比较研究法，对经典理论进行文本研究，用马克思主义基本原理为指导，通过整理挖掘马克思恩格斯关于公平正义的论述，系统研究马克思恩格斯公平正义思想的特质，揭示马克思恩格斯公平正义思想的内在逻辑，，为中国特色社会主义公平正义的实现提供思想理论基础。
[Abstract]:Since the publication of Marx and Engels' Manifesto of the Communist Party in 1848, fairness and justice have become the important value targets of socialism and communism, and have guided the development of the international communist movement. It has become an important ideological weapon and theoretical basis for guiding people to carry out scientific socialist theory and practice. In reality, the rapid development of reform and opening up has also brought our country into a period of social transformation, contradictions highlight period, social fairness and justice, gradually become the focus of all kinds of social contradictions at the current stage. At the same time. Theoretically, in recent years, fairness and justice have appeared many times in the important reports of the party and in the speeches of the leaders of the party and the state, and the voices of the broad masses of the people for social fairness and justice have become stronger and stronger. Social equity and justice has become an important topic of the times and a hot theoretical issue. However, there have been some deviations in the research of social equity and justice in Chinese academic circles. On the other hand, as the guiding ideology and theoretical origin of our party, Marxism, especially Marx and Engels' fair and just thought. At risk of being marginalized. Facing the problems in reality and theoretical research, it is necessary for us to return to Marx and Engels, the founder of communism, to sort out the scientific connotation of Marx and Engels' thought of fairness and justice. Let Marxist theory better guide the development of practice. In Marx and Engels, fairness and justice are rooted in a certain economic foundation, with a certain social, historical concept, they regard it as a holistic concept. It will be brought into the perspective of historical materialism to investigate. In Marx and Engels, fairness and justice belong to the superstructure of the concept, which is determined by the economic basis. It is not only for the individual, but also for the whole society. In different historical stages, the connotation of fairness and justice is different, so the realization and development of fairness and justice have certain sociality and history. The key lies in whether it conforms to the requirements of social production mode: whether we can arouse people's enthusiasm for production, whether we can promote the development of productive forces, and whether we can promote social progress. That is, whether the interests can be reasonably allocated to achieve long-term social progress and overall harmony. All this is the core value of Marxism, that is, the liberation of human beings and the free and all-round development of the requirements. And serve this core value. This article adopts the text interpretation method and the comparative research method, carries on the text research to the classical theory, with the Marxism basic principle as the instruction, through the arrangement excavates Marx and Engels about the fair and just exposition. This paper systematically studies the characteristics of Marx and Engels' thought of fairness and justice, reveals the internal logic of Marx and Engels' thought of fairness and justice, and provides the ideological and theoretical basis for the realization of fair justice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811;D089

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