关于青年马克思主义者培养的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 06:06

本文关键词： 马克思主义教育青年马克思主义者培养　出处：《南京大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从某种意义上讲,马克思主义同中国实际相结合的过程,同时也是马克思主义为历代中国青年所接受、传播和实践的过程。大力培养青年马克思主义者,不仅是党的思想理论建设的需要,而且是加强党的后备力量建设、提高执政能力与执政水平的需要。论文围绕总结中国共产党培养青年马克思主义者的历史经验、新形势下青年马克思主义者培养理论与实践两个问题进行探讨。针对第一个问题,论文较为系统地梳理总结了不同历史阶段中国共产党培养青年马克思主义者的做法与经验。革命战争年代,争取革命胜利是党面临的首要任务,青年马克思主义者培养围绕争取胜利这一目标,与革命斗争的具体实际紧密结合,形式上以短期集训为主,内容上侧重马克思主义基本理论知识、革命斗争形势教育、党的纲领、军事指挥及政治工作等,培养对象主要为各级党团组织、军队、苏区政府的青年骨干。新中国成立后,特别是在1956年苏共二十大“秘密报告”引起社会主义阵营思想混乱的形势下,为捍卫马克思主义和国际共产主义事业,中国共产党着手深入思考青年马克思主义教育和培养未来接班人的问题,“提高社会主义的政治觉悟”、“参加工农业生产劳动”、“学习毛泽东著作运动”、“培养无产阶级革命事业的建设者和接班人”等,成为这一时期青年马克思主义者培养的内容与特征。改革开放初期,中国共产党吸取“文化大革命”中“左”的教训,将青年马克思主义者培养转到正确路线上来,结合中国特色社会主义事业建设实际,着眼现代世界对人的素质要求,强调培养“有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律”的社会主义事业建设者和接班人。20世纪90年代,面对复杂的国际国内形势和时代发展趋势,中国共产党强调青年马克思主义者培养要坚持和巩固马克思主义的指导地位、突出理想信念教育、与社会主义市场经济体制相适应、着力培养优秀青年干部等。进入新世纪以来,中国共产党围绕“培养什么人、怎样培养人”的根本问题,进一步将青年马克思主义者培养作为一项系统工程来推进,并提出了“建立社会主义核心价值体系”、“培养四个‘新一代”等重要思想。针对第二个问题,论文从四个方面进行论述。一是在问卷调查采集第一手数据的基础上,分析了当代青年学生的马克思主义认知与认同情况、政治信仰、针对马克思主义教育的看法等。总体情况良好,但有几点值得注意：认知结构不平衡,认同及政治信仰出现分化,马克思主义教育投入与效果落差较大,教育方式与青年学生的理论诉求不协调。二是分析了青年马克思主义者培养面临的挑战。青年学生成为西方国家意识形态渗透的重点对象,互联网导致舆论控制与思想文化传播方式发生深刻变革,多元化社会思潮的浸蚀,宗教信仰在大学校园的流行,社会现实问题的冲击等,都在很大程度上对青年马克思主义者培养造成消解和负面影响。三是按照马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论,结合中国特色社会主义事业需要和当代青年学生成长成才的需求与规律,梳理了青年马克思主义者培养的内容体系,分别从理论知识、理想信念、道德品质、综合素质与能力等四个层面作具体展开。四是结合当前高校实施青年马克思主义者培养工程的实际,论述了青年马克思主义者培养的基本原则、工作机制、具体路径等。基本原则为“理论教育与实践锻炼相结合、面上教育与骨干培养相结合、目标管理与跟踪考核相结合”；工作机制包括“健全选拔机制、完善培训机制、建立激励机制、巩固保障机制”等；具体路径则分别从“创新思想政治理论课教学模式、拓展骨干培训项目、构建实践教育体系、扶持学生红色社团、发挥党员带头示范作用”等不同角度进行阐述。最后,论文结语中简要归纳了中国共产党培养青年马克思主义者的主要经验：必须坚持马克思主义的指导地位,与推进马克思主义中国化相结合；必须坚持着眼继承和发展党的事业,与培养后备力量和未来接班人相结合；必须坚持理论联系实际,与各个历史阶段党肩负的具体任务相结合；必须坚持创新方式方法,与尊重青年成长成才规律相结合。
[Abstract]:In a sense , the process of combining Marxism with China ' s practice is also the process of Marxism ' s acceptance , dissemination and practice for young Chinese youth . It is not only the need of the Party ' s ideological theory construction , but also the need to strengthen the Party ' s future power construction , improve the ruling ability and the ruling level . In order to solve the first problem , the paper systematically analyzes the practice and experience of the Communist Party of China for the training of young Marxist in different historical stages . In the revolutionary war ' s , the revolutionary victory is the first task facing the Party . The young Marxist culture is mainly based on short - term intensive training . It focuses on the basic theoretical knowledge of Marxism , the education in the new revolutionary struggle , the Party ' s program , military command and political work , etc . , and the training object is mainly the youth backbone of the Party organizations , the army and the Soviet district government at all levels . After the founding of the new China , especially in the situation that the Soviet Union ' s twenty - five " secret report " caused the ideological confusion of the socialist camp , in order to safeguard Marxism and the cause of international communism , the Communist Party of China initiated in - depth consideration of the problems of youth Marxism education and the cultivation of future successors , " to improve the political consciousness of socialism " , " to participate in the work of industrial and agricultural production " , " to learn Mao Zedong ' s works " , " to train builders and successors of the cause of the proletariat revolution " , and to become the content and characteristics of the young Marxist culture in this period . In the early 1990s , the Communist Party of China drew lessons from the " Left " in the " Cultural Revolution " , and turned the young Marxists into the right course . In the 1990s , the Communist Party of China emphasized that the training of young Marxists should adhere to and consolidate the guiding status of Marxism , emphasize the cultivation of " the ideal , moral , cultural and disciplined " socialist cause builders and successors . In the 1990s , the Communist Party of China emphasized the fundamental question of " cultivating people and how to cultivate people " , and further promoted the cultivation of young Marxists as a system engineering , and put forward the important thought of " building socialism core value system " and " cultivating four " new generation " . In view of the second problem , the paper discusses four aspects . First , on the basis of the first hand data collected from the questionnaire , the author analyzes the Marxist cognition and identity of contemporary young students , the political belief and the view of Marxism education . The second is the analysis of the challenges faced by young Marxists . Young students become a key object of ideological infiltration in western countries . The Internet leads to profound changes in the modes of public opinion control and ideological and cultural communication , the erosion of pluralistic social thoughts , the popularity of religious beliefs in college campuses , and the impact of social reality problems . Third , according to the theory of Marxism on human ' s comprehensive development , combined with the needs and laws of the socialist cause of Chinese characteristics and the growth of contemporary young students , the content system of young Marxist culture has been combed out , and the content system of young Marxist culture has been combed from four aspects , such as theoretical knowledge , ideal faith , moral quality , comprehensive quality and ability . The basic principle is " combining theory education with practical exercise , combining the education with the backbone , combining the goal management with the tracking assessment " , the working mechanism includes " perfecting the selection mechanism , perfecting the training mechanism , establishing the incentive mechanism and strengthening the safeguard mechanism " , etc . The specific path is expounded from the different angles such as " the innovation thought political theory course teaching mode , the development of the backbone training project , the construction of the practical education system , the support of the students red society and the demonstration effect of Party members " . Finally , the thesis summarizes the main experience of the Communist Party of China to train young Chinese Marxists : we must adhere to the guiding status of Marxism and combine with the promotion of Marxism in China ; we must adhere to the task of inheriting and developing the Party , combining with the training of the reserve force and the future successor ; we must adhere to the theory and practice and combine with the specific tasks carried out by the Party in each historical stage ; we must adhere to the methods of innovation and combine with respect for the law of the growth of young people .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D432.62 ;A8

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