马克思恩格斯的政府观及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-03-02 23:20

本文选题：马克思　切入点：恩格斯　出处：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政府建设关系到当前改革、发展、稳定的大局。国际国内环境的深刻变化迫切要求我国不断提高政府的治理能力。实践创新要以理论创新为先导,提高政府治理能力也要理论先行。我国政府建设要想搞好,自然离不了科学的、适合我国国情的政府理论的指导。提到政府理论,许多学者往往将视角转向西方,然而,从近年来的研究来看,马克思恩格斯也有丰富的关于政府的思想,深刻把握马克思恩格斯关于政府的一系列论述,将对我国的政府建设和提高政府治理能力发挥重要的指导作用。马克思恩格斯的政府观具有丰富的理论来源,主要包括亚里士多德的政治思想、近代社会契约论、黑格尔的政治哲学以及空想社会主义的政治观。马克思恩格斯是在批判和继承前人优秀思想的基础上,并结合当时的时代背景和实践经验阐明了他们的政府理论的。马克思恩格斯的政府观具有丰富的内容,他们的论述涉及政府问题的诸多方面。(一)阐明了政府的起源。政府是历史的产物,是随着人类社会的发展而产生的,与生产力的发展和公共权力性质的变化密切相关,它是随着私有制和阶级的产生而产生的,也是公共权力异化的结果。(二)阐明了政府的性质。他们认为,政府产生后,其性质不是保持不变的,而是随着社会形态的变化,政府性质也发生变化,资产阶级社会产生的是剥削性质的政府,无产阶级社会产生的是人民性质的政府。(三)论述了政府的职能。在他们看来。无论是剥削性质的政府还是人民性质的政府都要履行这样两个政府职能：政治统治职能和社会管理职能,在不同的社会时期政府职能的侧重点是不同的,但总的发展趋势是政治统治职能不断缩小,社会管理职能不断扩大。(四)论述了政府体制。政府职能要由不同的政府部门履行,政府部门之间的关系构成了政府体制,马克思恩格斯认为,中央政府与地方政府间的关系应该是集中统一的,立法机关和执行机关之间的关系应该是议行合一的,这也是无产阶级政府应采取的体制。(五)论述了政府的管理方式。政府的管理方式是政府体制能否有效运行的重要因素,马克思恩格斯从建立巴黎公社的经验中得出,政府的管理方式应遵循法治原则、民主原则和廉价原则。(六)阐述了政府的最终归宿。马克思恩格斯认为作为国家机构的政府会随着无产阶级专政的过渡和公共权力的复归而消亡,但是,政府的社会管理职能依然被保存下来,并要求社会成员的共同参与,政府将以“自由人联合体”的形态作为其最终归宿。马克思恩格斯的政府观对于今日中国的政府建设,特别是政府治理具有重大的借鉴意义。当前,我国的政府治理还存在许多问题,造成这些问题的原因包括政府职能的越位、缺位和错位,传统体制的影响,治理手段的不科学等。马克思恩格斯政府观对于改进上述问题,不断提高我国政府的治理能力,诸如如何优化政府职能、完善政治体制、推进科学治理等具有直接的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The construction of the government in relation to the current reform, development and stability. Profound changes in the international and domestic environment urgent to continuously improve the management ability of the government. The practice of innovation to the theory of innovation, improve the governance capacity of the government to the theory first. The development of our government to do a good job, not from natural science, for me China's government theory. Mentioned government theory, many scholars often turns to the west, however, from recent studies, Marx Engels also has rich thoughts about government, grasp a series of deals with Marx Engels about the government, will be on China's government construction and improve governance ability an important guiding role. Marx Engels's Government view has profound theoretical origin, mainly including the political thought of Aristotle, the modern social contract theory, Hagel The political philosophy and utopian socialism politics. Marx Engels is based on criticizing and inheriting predecessors' excellent ideas, and combined with the background and the practical experience illustrates their government theory. Marx Engels's Government view has rich content, many aspects of their discussion involving government problems. (a) to clarify the origin of the government. The government is the product of history, is produced with the development of human society, the change and the development of productive forces and the nature of public power is closely related, it is produced with the creation of private ownership and class, but also the alienation of public power. (two) to clarify the nature of the government. They believe that the government, its nature is not always the same, but with the change of society, the nature of the government also changed, from the bourgeois society is exploitative The government, society is people's nature of proletarian government. (three) discusses the functions of the government. In their view. Both exploitative nature of the government or the people's government should fulfill the two functions of the government, governmental function and social management functions, in the period of social functions of the government with emphasis different, but the general trend of development of the political ruling function is shrinking, the social management function expanding. (four) discusses the system of government. Government functions should be performed by different government departments, the relationship between government departments formed a system of government, Marx Engels believes that the relationship between the central government and local government should be centralized and unified, the relationship between the legislature and the executive organs should be Yixingheyi, this is the government should take the system. (five) discusses the management of the government. The government's management system of government is an important factor to the effective operation of the establishment of Marx Engels drew from the experience of the Paris commune, the government's management should follow the principle of the rule of law, democratic principles and the principle of cheap. (six) described the final destination of the government. Marx Engels thought that the state government will return with the transition of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the public power and die, but the government's social management function is still preserved, and required the joint participation of members of the community, the government will take "the form of the Commonwealth of free people" as the ultimate goal. Marx Engels's view of government for today Chinese government construction, especially of great significance the government governance. At present, the government governance in our country there are still many problems, the reasons for these problems include the offside of government functions, and lack of dislocation The influence of traditional system and the way of governance is not scientific. Marx and Engels's view of government has direct guiding significance for improving the above problems and improving our government's governance capabilities, such as how to optimize government functions, improve political system and promote scientific governance.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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