马克思与人道主义

发布时间：2018-03-04 00:21

本文选题：人道主义　切入点：大唯物史观　出处：《教学与研究》2015年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：马克思对人道主义既有肯定性论述,又有明确的批评,唯物史观正是产生于对抽象人道主义的批判之中。马克思的唯物史观是大唯物史观,其理论基础是劳动实践辩证法。劳动实践被马克思视为人的类本质,它有自建构性,即生产工具、生产关系、生产对象处在不断的自我发展之中。人是环境的产物,人的类本质在其现实性上是社会关系的总和,于是人性具有了历史性,整个历史就是人的本性的不断改变。在马克思那里人的本质是具体的,而不是抽象的,人道主义在马克思那里具有了现实性、科学性,与唯物史观完全一致,与以往的各种人道主义理论有了原则区别。马克思思想的出发点是对资本主义不人道现实的批判,宗旨是实现共产主义即人的本质回归、人道主义实现,共产主义的实现立足于劳动实践活动的自我发展,同样体现了人道主义精神。马克思主义是人道主义,但是是新人道主义。这种人道主义思想对于认识和评价现实生活,具有重要的方法论意义。
[Abstract]:Marx is sure of humanitarian discussion, and have clear criticism, historical materialism is on criticism of abstract humanism. Marx's historical materialism is historical materialism, which is based on the theory of labor practice dialectics. Labor practice is Marx regarded as the essence of human being, it has self built structure that is, the means of production, production, production of objects in continuous self development. One is the product of the environment, human nature is the sum of social relations in reality, so humanity has a historic change, the whole history is human nature. In the essence of Marx's specific instead, the abstract, humanism in Marx there is a practical, scientific, fully consistent with the historical materialism, and humanitarian past theory with the principle of difference. The starting point of Marx's thought of The critique of capitalism inhuman reality, the purpose is to realize communism is human nature return, humanitarian, realization of communism is based on the practice of self development, also embodies the spirit of humanitarianism. Marx's doctrine of humanitarian, but is the new humanism. The humanistic thought for the understanding and evaluation of real life that is of important methodological significance.

【作者单位】：中国人民大学哲学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“弗罗洛夫新人道主义研究”(项目号:13BZX002)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：A811

【共引文献】