马克思社会发展道路思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 03:04

  本文选题：马克思　切入点：社会发展道路　出处：《华中师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在批判传统社会历史观基础上,马克思从实践的视角出发,将人类历史视为主体实践的结果,指出人类历史在本质上是实践的；并从现实的人出发,认为正是人的需要和满足需要的生产二者实践的辩证运动不断推动着历史向前发展；进而在实践的基础上重新阐释了人与自然关系。从而确立了实践唯物主义历史观,为社会发展道路思想提供了相应的理论前提。在实践唯物主义历史观的基础上,马克思坚持了历史进步论思想。在马克思看来,人类实践活动是一个由低级向高级发展的进程,人类的历史是实践活动发展的历史。因此,无论是从人的本质的发展角度、还是人的自由的发展角度,或从生产方式的演进角度来看,人类社会发展道路就是一条由低级社会形态向高级社会形态不断演进之路。同时,人类社会发展之路受内在于人类历史的客观规律支配,表现为一个统一方向基础上的多样性的历史进程。马克思从整体阐释人类社会发展道路的同时,也对资本主义发展道路进行了具体的历史考证。一方面,马克思基于大量的历史资料与当时现实的历史现象,详细剖析了西方封建社会的解体与资本主义建立的过程,同时指出这一过程也是一个充满血腥与暴力的资本主义原始积累的过程,从整体上描述了西方资本主义社会发展之路的历史概况。另一方面,马克思具体分析了英国、德国、美国等国家不同的资本主义发展之路。在具体考证资本主义发展之路的基础上,马克思深刻揭示了资本主义生产方式内在的矛盾,指出其向社会主义发展的必然趋势。同时,马克思认识到资本主义的发展带给人类的巨大代价,在晚年接触到俄国社会资料后,在世界历史的视野下,批判了俄国民粹派的农民社会主义思想,阐述了俄国这个前资本主义国家跨越资本主义发展的“卡夫丁峡谷”而直接进入社会主义的设想。随着历史发展,马克思社会发展道路思想在理论和实践方面都得到了不同程度的发展。在寻求实现向社会主义过渡的路径方面,俄国走上了一条暴力革命、武装夺取政权的无产阶级专政之路,第一次在民族国家层面上将社会主义从理论转化为实践。其社会主义建设的历程给我们留下许多宝贵的经验。而面对资本主义繁荣与稳定的现实,欧洲发展出通过和平民主道路实现向社会主义过渡的思想。在实践中具有代表性的是民主社会主义主张的和平改良道路与欧洲共产主义倡导的民主、自由之路。经过几十年的探索,中国认清了自己所处的历史阶段、明确了自己的历史任务、并坚持务实创新的路线,取得了巨大的发展成就,走出了一条具有中国特色的社会主义之路。中国的成功从理论和实践两个层面丰富发展了马克思的社会主义道路思想,并对世界产生了巨大的影响。
[Abstract]:On the basis of criticizing the traditional view of social history, Marx regarded human history as the result of subjective practice from the perspective of practice, and pointed out that human history is in essence practical, and from the point of view of reality, It is precisely the dialectical movement of human needs and production to meet the needs of human beings that pushes the development of history forward, and then reinterprets the relationship between man and nature on the basis of practice, thus establishing the historical view of practical materialism. It provides the corresponding theoretical premise for the thought of the path of social development. On the basis of the historical view of practical materialism, Marx adhered to the thought of historical progress. In Marx's view, human practice is a process from lower to higher development. The history of human beings is the history of the development of practical activities. Therefore, whether from the perspective of the development of human nature, the development of human freedom, or the evolution of the mode of production, The road of development of human society is a way that evolves from the lower social form to the higher social form. At the same time, the road of human social development is governed by the objective law of human history. Marx explained the road of the development of human society from the whole, at the same time, he also carried on the concrete historical textual research to the development road of capitalism. Marx, based on a large amount of historical data and the historical phenomenon of reality at that time, analyzed in detail the disintegration of the feudal society in the West and the process of the establishment of capitalism. At the same time, it is pointed out that this process is also a primitive accumulation process of capitalism full of blood and violence, which describes the historical situation of the development of capitalist society in the West as a whole. On the other hand, Marx concretely analyzes Britain and Germany. On the basis of the concrete textual research on the development road of capitalism, Marx profoundly revealed the inherent contradictions in the capitalist production mode and pointed out the inevitable trend of its development to socialism. Recognizing the enormous cost of the development of capitalism to mankind, Marx in his later years came into contact with Russian social materials and criticized the Russian populist peasant socialist thought from the perspective of world history. This paper expounds the idea that Russia, a pre-capitalist country, crossed the "Kaftin Canyon" of capitalist development and directly entered socialism. With the development of history, Marx's thought on the road of social development has been developed to varying degrees in theory and practice. In seeking the path of transition to socialism, Russia has embarked on a road of violent revolution and armed seizure of power under the dictatorship of the proletariat. For the first time, socialism has been transformed from theory to practice at the national state level. The course of its socialist construction has left us many valuable experiences, while facing the reality of capitalist prosperity and stability, Europe has developed the idea of transition to socialism through a peaceful and democratic path. In practice, what is representative is the peaceful improvement road advocated by democratic socialism and the democracy advocated by European communism. The road to freedom. After decades of exploration, China has clearly recognized its historical stage, defined its historical tasks, and adhered to a pragmatic and innovative line, and has made great achievements in its development. China's success enriched and developed Marx's socialist road thought from two aspects of theory and practice and had a great impact on the world.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81
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本文编号：1573032