马克思生态伦理思想及其现代启示

发布时间：2018-03-06 11:09

本文选题：马克思　切入点：利奥波德　出处：《浙江财经学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态环境问题在当下已经成为全球性的重要议题并引起人们越来越多的关注和研究，学者们从不同的学科层面对人与自然如何相处做出了各具特色的回答。马克思作为人类历史上伟大的思想家之一，他的学说中闪烁着生态伦理智慧的光芒。本文在简要概述生态伦理发展情况与概念理解的基础上，系统性地梳理马克思的生态伦理思想及其内在涵义。进而吸收西方生态伦理学的学科精华，将马克思的生态伦理思想与当代西方生态伦理学先驱奥尔多·利奥波德的大地伦理学生态伦理思想进行比较研究，分析二者的共同点与差异性，以期最终得出指导我国生态伦理学发展和生态环境保护的有益启示。本文所理解的生态伦理是处理人与生态环境间关系的一系列道德原则、道德标准和行为规范，是致力于人与自然协同发展的伦理范式。同时它也包含社会历史因素，将人与人、人与社会历史、人类社会与自然环境的关系纳入考量的范围，这既是对人作为价值评价主体与伦理研究的最终目的的认同，也是马克思生态伦理思想的要义所在。马克思的生态伦理思想高于单纯的人类中心主义或自然中心主义，其中心点是追求人与自然的统一与和谐，可以概括为人与自然是相互制约和有机统一的关系，资本主义的内在不合理性是生态环境危机的根源，共产主义将实现人与人、人与自然的真正和解以及必须合理调节人与自然间的物质代谢及依靠科技进步这四个方面。利奥波德作为著名的生态学家，他与马克思的生态伦理思想有很大异同。在人与自然的相互关系层面，二者都认为人首先是自然界的一员，必须尊敬自然、敬畏自然，但马氏强调人的主体性地位，利氏则认为人只不过是自然界的一个组成部分；在人与自然的交往方式层面，，二者都主张现实地处理人与自然的关系，反对消极地适应自然，但马氏强调实践的重要性，利氏则认为人应当注意保护自然资源以及改善土地与经济发展的关系；在如何真正实现人与自然和谐相处层面，二者都认为必须改变只以经济利益为价值取向的生态观念，但马氏认为在共产主义社会中，人与自然才能达到真正的和谐，利氏则提出了促进人与自然相和谐的完整、稳定和美感三原则。而二人历史背景以及研究出发点的不同则是形成这些差异的主要原因。以马克思的生态伦理思想为基础，在与利奥波德的生态伦理思想的比较分析中，本文得出指导我国生态建设的三大主要启示：（1）在理论选择上，实现由中心主义向整体主义的转化，（2）在价值判断上，实现由价值多元向价值自觉的转向，（3）在发展路径上，实现由伦理追求向审美追求的升华。以此三大启示为契机，总结生态伦理的最新发展，更新我们的环保意识与生态思想，从而为我国社会主义生态文明建设提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The problem of ecological environment has become an important global issue and has attracted more and more attention and research. Scholars have made their own responses to how people get along with nature from different disciplinary levels. Marx, as one of the great thinkers in human history, His theory is sparkled with the wisdom of ecological ethics. On the basis of a brief overview of the development of ecological ethics and the understanding of its concept, Systematically combing Marx's thought of ecological ethics and its inherent meaning, and then absorbing the essence of western ecological ethics, Comparing Marx's thought of ecological ethics with that of Ordo Leopold, the pioneer of modern western ecological ethics, and analyzing their common points and differences. In order to guide the development of ecological ethics and ecological environment protection. The ecological ethics understood in this paper is a series of moral principles, moral standards and codes of conduct for dealing with the relationship between human beings and the ecological environment. It is an ethical paradigm devoted to the coordinated development of man and nature. At the same time, it also contains social and historical factors. The relationship between man and man, between human and social history, and between human society and natural environment is taken into consideration, which is not only the recognition of human being as the subject of value evaluation and the ultimate purpose of ethical research, but also the essence of Marx's ecological ethics thought. Marx's ecological ethics is higher than the simple anthropocentrism or natural-centrism, whose central point is to pursue the unity and harmony between man and nature, which can be summed up as the relationship between man and nature, which is mutual restriction and organic unity. The inherent irrationality of capitalism is the root of the ecological environment crisis. Communism will realize the true reconciliation between man and man, man and nature, and must regulate the material metabolism between man and nature and rely on the progress of science and technology. As a famous ecologist, Leopold had great similarities and differences with Marx's ecological ethics. In the aspect of the relationship between man and nature, they both think that man is a member of nature, must respect nature and fear nature. However, Ma emphasizes the subjective status of man, and Li thinks that man is only a part of nature. In the way of communication between man and nature, both of them advocate dealing with the relationship between man and nature realistically and oppose passive adaptation to nature. But Ma stressed the importance of practice, and Lee believed that people should pay attention to the protection of natural resources and improve the relationship between land and economic development, and how to truly achieve harmony between man and nature. Both think that we must change the ecological concept of only taking economic interests as the value orientation, but Marsh thinks that in the communist society, man and nature can achieve real harmony, and Lee puts forward the integrity of promoting the harmony between man and nature. There are three principles of stability and aesthetic feeling, and the difference of their historical background and research starting point is the main reason for these differences. On the basis of Marx's ecological ethics thought and the comparative analysis between Marx's ecological ethics thought and Leopold's ecological ethics thought, this paper draws three main enlightenments to guide the ecological construction of our country: 1) on the theory choice. To realize the transformation from centralism to holism (2) in value judgment, in value pluralism to value consciousness, in the development path, in the sublimation from ethical pursuit to aesthetic pursuit. Summing up the latest development of ecological ethics, renewing our consciousness of environmental protection and ecological thought, thus providing a useful reference for the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B82-058

【相似文献】