马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想及其当代发展

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:11

本文选题：马克思　切入点：恩格斯　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,全球性生态危机日趋严重,资源、环境等生态因素对人类的生存和发展的制约作用愈加明显,从理论和现实相结合的视角探索和研究马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想,成为我们解决这一现实性问题的关键,并希冀从此种探试中为后续生态理论的发展提供思维、逻辑延伸,为我国的社会主义生态文明建设提供理论指导。本文从历史与逻辑相结合的思维原则出发,系统地分析和把握了马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想及其当代发展。文章共包括三个部分,第一部分主要论述马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想,即分别从唯物论、认识论、辩证法以及历史观等四个维度系统抽象地概括马克思恩格斯的生态哲学思想。在唯物论的认知中,马克思恩格斯强调自然的先在性,自然界本身所固有规律对于人类活动的制约性。同时,人是自然存在物,是自然界发展的必然结果,人类对自然生态环境具有很大的依赖性；在认识论层面,马克思的实践观科学地、客观地诠释了人与自然之间的对象性关系以及自然的人化与反人化理论；从辩证法维度看,马克思和恩格斯始终辩证地看待人与自然的复杂关系,更为可贵的是,恩格斯用系统论思想阐述自然界本身的自组织性和内部各要素之间的有机联系；历史观方面,马克思提出对资本主义生产方式的生态批判,认为资本的逻辑是生态危机产生的根源,在此种不合理的社会制度下,出现了人与自然的物质变换的断裂,只有彻底变革社会制度才是解决生态危机的合理途径。第二部分从自然观、价值观、历史观等三个层面来探讨生态学马克思主义的生态哲学思想。主要以奥康纳和福斯特为代表,通过将马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想与西方生态学马克思主义理论进行比较研究,用马克思主义基本原理和方法论对生态学马克思主义者的生态哲学思想的综合评析来丰富马克思恩格斯的生态哲学的内涵,彰显马克思主义生态哲学的现代价值。同时,由于特定的历史条件和现实原因,在生态哲学层面,生态学马克思主义不可避免地存在着理论上的局限性和失误,这需要我们用马克思主义的基本原则和方法加以厘清和甄别。第三部分探讨了科学发展观对马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想的发展。从理论层面来看,本文在探究马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想的同时,注重研究马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想在中国当代的发展,力求更为全面地展现马克思主义生态哲学思想。尤为从本体论、价值观和方法论等视角,系统地挖掘当代以马克思主义理论为指导的科学发展观理论中蕴含的生态哲学思想。从实践层面来看,本文从思维方式、价值观、政治制度和生产生活方式等方面积极探讨了马克思恩格斯生态哲学思想对我国社会主义生态文明建设所具有的借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:At present, the global ecological crisis is becoming more and more serious, and ecological factors such as resources, environment and other ecological factors have become more and more obvious to the survival and development of human beings. The ecological philosophy of Marx and Engels is explored and studied from the perspective of combining theory with reality. It is the key for us to solve this realistic problem, and we hope to provide thinking and logic extension for the development of subsequent ecological theory from this kind of exploration and test, and to provide theoretical guidance for the construction of socialist ecological civilization in our country. Based on the thinking principle of combining history and logic, this paper systematically analyzes and grasps Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy and its contemporary development. The first part mainly discusses Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy thought, that is, from four dimensions of materialism, epistemology, dialectics and historical view, systematically and abstractly generalize Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy thought. Marx and Engels emphasized the preexistence of nature and the restriction of human activities by the inherent laws of nature. At the same time, man is the natural existence and the inevitable result of the development of nature, and human beings have a great dependence on the natural ecological environment. At the level of epistemology, Marx's view of practice scientifically and objectively interprets the object relation between man and nature and the theory of humanization and anti-humanization of nature. Marx and Engels have been dialectically looking at the complex relationship between man and nature. What is more valuable is that Engels expounds the self-organization of nature itself and the organic connection between various elements of the natural world with the thought of system theory. Marx put forward ecological criticism of capitalist mode of production, and thought that the logic of capital was the root of ecological crisis. In such unreasonable social system, the material transformation between man and nature broke down. Only thoroughly reforming the social system is the reasonable way to solve the ecological crisis. The second part discusses the ecological philosophy of ecology Marxism from three aspects: natural view, value view and history view, which are mainly represented by O'Connor and Foster. By comparing Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy with western ecological Marxist theory, This paper uses the basic principles and methodology of Marxism to evaluate the ecological philosophy of ecological Marxists in order to enrich the connotation of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy and to highlight the modern value of Marxist ecological philosophy. Due to specific historical conditions and practical reasons, ecological Marxism inevitably has theoretical limitations and errors in the ecological philosophy level, which requires us to clarify and discriminate with the basic principles and methods of Marxism. The third part discusses the development of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy in the view of scientific development. From a theoretical point of view, this paper explores Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy at the same time. Pay attention to studying the development of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy in contemporary China, and strive to show Marxist ecological philosophy more comprehensively, especially from the perspectives of ontology, values and methodology, etc. This paper systematically excavates the ecological philosophy thought contained in the scientific development view theory guided by Marxism theory. In the aspects of political system and production and life style, the author probes into the reference value of Marx and Engels' ecological philosophy to the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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