马克思自然观研究及其现实解读

发布时间：2018-03-14 18:02

本文选题：马克思　切入点：自然观　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近半个世纪以来,日益恶化的生态环境问题,已经越来越影响到人类社会的生存与发展,也迫使人类不得不开始认真反思自身与自然环境的关系问题。在以往所有的关于自然的思想理论之中,马克思的自然观以其科学的先进性和强烈的现实性,越来越受到人们的重视。时至今日,学界对马克思自然观的研究仍然是方兴未艾,其思想理论的现实指导意义也愈发得到更为广泛的认同。本文首先从传统自然观的历史演变作为研究的出发点,对以往各个阶段代表性的自然观进行了梳理和阐释。在此基础上,马克思通过对之前传统自然观的批判和扬弃,逐步形成了其独具特色的自然观理论。通过进一步剖析马克思在自然观问题上的先进思想,及其在不同阶段对其自然观的完善和发展历程,以期彰显马克思自然观在当代的理论指导和现实意义。本文的写作内容主要包括以下五个章节：第一章节：绪论。主要论述本文的研究思路和研究目的,从以往的自然概念直至马克思自然观的形成和发展过程,作一个历史的逻辑的梳理,并引导全篇的写作路径。第二章节：西方传统的自然观。从人类蒙昧时代的神话自然观写起,到古代有机整体的实体论自然观,中世纪宗教神学自然观,文艺复兴以来的机械论自然观以及近代思辨的唯心主义自然观,以历史时间为线索,全面系统的概括出各个典型时期的代表性自然观点及其思想前提。第三章节：马克思自然观的形成和发展。研究马克思的自然观的形成进路,分别选取了马克思在不同历史时期对自然观的不同理解以及逐渐成形的过程。马克思从对传统的自然观的批判入手,对自然先在性的初步意识成为其自然观的最初萌芽；对黑格尔思辨唯心主义自然观的批判,以及对费尔巴哈人本思维方式的清算,成为其自然观的形成标志；马克思晚年将“剩余价值”等政治经济学理论引入补充,发展了其自然观和人与自然关系理论。第四章节：马克思自然观的现实解读。通过对马克思自然观的理论内涵及其现实意义的研究,进一步论述了马克思自然观的先进性和现实性；通过对其人与自然关系的理论解读,进一步明确了在人类发展历程中,正确处理好人与自然相互关系的重要意义,也是可持续发展观的重要理论支撑。第五章节：结束语。总结论述了本文的研究方法,即按照历史的逻辑的顺序,纵向的考察了以往自然观的历史流变,以及马克思自然观的形成和发展,通过对其历史的实践的具体的考察,引申出马克思自然观的现实性及其理论指导意义。
[Abstract]:For nearly half a century, the worsening problem of ecological environment has increasingly affected the survival and development of human society. Among all the previous theories about nature, Marx's view of nature, with its scientific advancement and strong reality, has forced human beings to begin to seriously reflect on the relationship between themselves and the natural environment. Up to now, the study of Marx's view of nature is still in the ascendant, and the practical guiding significance of his thought and theory is more and more widely accepted. In this paper, the historical evolution of the traditional view of nature as the starting point of the study, the past stages of the representative view of nature is combed and explained. On this basis, Marx through the criticism of the previous traditional view of nature and sublation, Through further analysis of Marx's advanced ideas on the concept of nature, and the improvement and development of his view of nature at different stages, the author has gradually formed his unique theory of nature. In order to highlight Marx's view of nature in the contemporary theoretical guidance and practical significance. The content of this paper mainly includes the following five chapters:. The first chapter: introduction, mainly discusses the research ideas and purposes of this paper, from the past concept of nature to the formation and development of Marx's concept of nature, to make a historical logic comb, and guide the whole writing path. The second chapter: the western traditional view of nature. From the myth of the era of human obscurity to the ancient organic entity view of nature, medieval religious theology of nature, The mechanistic view of nature since the Renaissance and the idealistic view of nature of modern speculation, taking the historical time as the clue, comprehensively and systematically generalizes the representative natural viewpoint and the ideological premise of each typical period. Chapter three: the formation and development of Marx's view of nature. This paper selects Marx's different understanding of the view of nature in different historical periods and the process of forming gradually. Marx starts with the criticism of the traditional view of nature, and the initial consciousness of nature first becomes the initial germination of his view of nature. The critique of Hegel's speculative and idealistic view of nature and the liquidation of Feuerbach's humanistic thinking mode become the symbol of the formation of his view of nature, and Marx introduced "surplus value" and other political economic theories in his later years. It develops its view of nature and the theory of the relationship between man and nature. Chapter 4th: the realistic interpretation of Marx's view of nature. Through the study of the theoretical connotation and practical significance of Marx's view of nature, this paper further discusses the advanced nature and reality of Marx's view of nature; Through the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between man and nature, this paper further clarifies the significance of correctly handling the relationship between man and nature in the course of human development, and is also an important theoretical support for the concept of sustainable development. Chapter 5th: conclusion. It summarizes and discusses the research methods of this paper, that is, according to the order of historical logic, the historical evolution of the historical view of nature, and the formation and development of Marx's view of nature are investigated vertically. Through the concrete investigation of its historical practice, this paper generalizes the reality of Marx's view of nature and its theoretical guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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