马克思恩格斯生态思想的解读

发布时间：2018-03-29 18:59

本文选题：马克思　切入点：恩格斯　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在马克思和恩格斯的著作中不止一次陈述了对大自然的“探索”,其中包括关于自然的整体的生态思想;关于自然的关系与依赖的生态思想;关于人与自然之间的关联的生态思想。马克思和恩格斯认为大自然是一个富有生命力的有机整体,整个自然界构成一个体系,并且系统内的各个成员彼此之间相互关联、相互作用,大自然以她丰富的创造力和承载力滋养着所有的成员,人作为自然生态系统中的一员,也与大自然有着千丝万缕不可割舍的关联。除了对自然界的生态思想进行的阐述,马克思恩格斯还对人类社会的生态思想进行了阐述。在人与自然关系中他们强调了劳动的中介作用,劳动是链接人与自然的纽带,劳动创造了人,进而也创造了社会。人通过劳动把自然界中的能量流动到人类社会,形成社会产品进行消费,再把消费后产生的废弃物从人类社会流动到自然界,达到生态系统的循环。在马克思和恩格斯生活时代的资本主义经济运行规则使人类社会生态系统的“能量流动、物质循环和信息传递”都不能有效进行,继而阻碍和破坏了整个生态系统的正常运转。通过解读马克思恩格斯生态思想,我们发现其具有理论和现实两个层面的意义。马克思批判地分析了资本主义社会内在的矛盾,充分揭示了资本主义经济制度下的社会关系,建立了完整而系统的“社会生态学思想”。恩格斯的《自然辩证法》阐释了有关人和自然的哲学思想,建立了系统的“自然界生态学思想”。这使我们拥有了一种转向生态的辩证唯物主义自然观,人类的思维方式因此而转向生态,进而使道德伦理也转向生态,可以说哲学上升到了一个新的高度,而生态哲学也从此有了坚实的基础。马克思恩格斯生态思想不仅阐明了生态问题产生的原因,又进一步从宏观和微观方面指明了解决办法。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels have stated the "exploration" of nature on more than one occasion, including the ecological thought on the whole of nature, the ecological thought on the relationship and dependence of nature, and the "exploration" of nature in the works of Marx and Engels. Marx and Engels believe that nature is a living organic whole, that the whole nature forms a system, and that the members of the system are interrelated with each other. Interaction, nature with her rich creativity and capacity to nourish all the members, as a member of the natural ecosystem, but also with the nature of inextricably linked. In addition to expounding the ecological thought of nature, Marx and Engels also expounded the ecological thought of human society. In the relationship between man and nature, they emphasized the intermediary role of labor, which is the link between man and nature. Labor creates people, and then society. Through labor, man flows energy from nature to human society, forms social products for consumption, and then flows waste produced after consumption from human society to nature. In the age of Marx and Engels' life, the rules of capitalist economic operation prevented the "energy flow, material circulation and information transmission" of the human social ecosystem from being carried out effectively. This in turn obstructs and disrupts the normal functioning of the entire ecosystem. Through the interpretation of Marx and Engels' ecological thought, we find that it has both theoretical and practical significance. Marx critically analyzed the inherent contradictions in capitalist society and fully revealed the social relations under the capitalist economic system. A complete and systematic "social ecology thought" is established. Engels' Dialectics of Nature explains the philosophical thoughts about man and nature. This makes us have a dialectical materialist view of nature that turns to ecology, so the way of thinking of human beings turns to ecology, and then moral ethics turns to ecology, too. It can be said that philosophy has risen to a new height, and ecological philosophy has a solid foundation since then. Marx and Engels' ecological thought not only clarifies the causes of ecological problems, but also further points out the solutions from macro and micro aspects.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;X2

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