马克思民生思想的哲学解读

发布时间：2018-03-30 05:20

本文选题：马克思　切入点：民生　出处：《浙江师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：民生即国民的生计、生活。在我国历史上,历来就有将“民生”与“国计”相提并论的说法,因此,保障与改善民生,追求民生幸福,是实现国家富强和民族振兴的社会根基和不竭动力。我国新时期30多年改革开放的历史进程,也是沿着解决和改善民生问题的历史轨迹行进的。民生问题不仅直接关系到人民群众的切身利益,而且关系到巩固执政党稳定执政的合法性基础,关系到国家和民族的长治久安。十八大报告中强调指出,“加强社会建设,必须以保障和改善民生为重点”。给社会主义民生建设做出马克思主义的理论阐释,以期获得意识形态的合法性,是每一个马克思主义理论工作者义不容辞的责任。因此,本文的写作具有重要的实践意义和理论意义。论文对马克思的民生思想进行了哲学解读,其研究内容主要分为四个部分：第一部分：“绪论”。主要分析选题的研究背景和意义；国内外相关问题的研究动态及其成果；论文相关概念的界定；研究方法与论文的创新点。第二部分,“马克思民生思想的理论渊源与探索历程”。马克思的民生思想,直接或间接地继承和发展了18世纪法国启蒙思想家的“人道主义”民生观,德国古典哲学家黑格尔“绝对精神”的民生观、费尔巴哈“人本主义”的民生观,以及空想社会主义者的理想主义的民生观。马克思探索民生观的心路历程,历经上述思想的洗礼。其理论嬗变大致是：“理性之法”与“利益之法”——从《博士论文》到《莱茵报》民生观的根本转变；“政治解放”与“人类解放”——《德法年鉴》对民生观价值取向的探索；“异化劳动”与“自由自觉活动”——《巴黎手稿》对两种民生样态的剖析；“感性对象”与“感性活动”——《德意志意识形态》等对民生历史观的创建。可见,马克思哲学历史观的每一次重大转换,都与其对民生思想的重新思考和分析定位分不开的。第三部分,“马克思民生思想的‘四重维度’”。论文按照“生活需要—生产实践—公共视域—人的发展”的逻辑思路,将马克思民生思想的哲学意蕴解读为四个维度,分别是：需要维度——马克思民生思想的出发点；实践维度——马克思民生思想的实现途径；公共维度——马克思民生思想的制度保障；人本维度——马克思民生思想的价值取向。通过多维分析,旨在对马克思民生观的基本框架有一个总体性的把握。第四部分,“马克思民生思想对当代中国民生建设的启示”。按照马克思民生思想的上述四重维度,论文阐发了其对当代中国的民生建设带来了众多的启示。这些启示包括：把握和分析民生需要是中国民生建设的基本前提,积极投身社会实践是民生建设的基本途径,实现基本公共服务均等化是民生建设的基本保障,落实以人为本是民生建设的价值旨归。
[Abstract]:People's livelihood is the livelihood and livelihood of the people. In the history of our country, there has always been a saying that "people's livelihood" and "national planning" are compared. Therefore, to safeguard and improve the people's livelihood and pursue its happiness, It is the social foundation and inexhaustible motive force for the realization of national prosperity and national rejuvenation. China's historical process of reform and opening up for more than 30 years in the new period, It is also along the historical track of solving and improving people's livelihood issues. People's livelihood issues are not only directly related to the vital interests of the people, but also to the consolidation of the legitimate foundation for the ruling party to stabilize and govern. The report of the 18th National Congress emphasized that "in order to strengthen social construction, we must focus on safeguarding and improving the people's livelihood," and gave a Marxist theoretical explanation to the construction of socialist people's livelihood. It is the duty of every Marxist theorist to obtain the legitimacy of ideology. Therefore, the writing of this paper has important practical and theoretical significance. The thesis has carried on the philosophy interpretation to Marx's people's livelihood thought, its research content is mainly divided into four parts:. The first part: "introduction". It mainly analyzes the research background and significance of the topic, the research trends and achievements of related issues at home and abroad, the definition of related concepts, the research methods and the innovative points of the paper. The second part, "the theoretical origin and exploration course of Marx's livelihood thought", directly or indirectly inherits and develops the "humanitarianism" people's livelihood view of the French enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century. The German classical philosopher Hegel's "absolute spirit" of the people's livelihood, Feuerbach's "humanism" of the people's livelihood, and the utopian socialists' idealistic outlook on the livelihood of the people. After the baptism of the above thought, its theory transmutation is roughly: "the law of reason" and "the law of interest"-the fundamental change from "doctoral thesis" to "Rhinelian newspaper" view of people's livelihood; "political liberation" and "liberation of human beings"-< Yearbook of morality and Law]. The exploration of the value orientation of people's livelihood; the analysis of "alienated Labor" and "Free and conscious activity"; the analysis of the two forms of people's livelihood in Paris manuscripts; the creation of "perceptual object" and "perceptual activity"-"German ideology" on the historical view of people's livelihood. Every major transformation of Marx's philosophy view of history is inseparable from its rethinking and analysis of people's livelihood. The third part, "the four dimensions of Marx's people's livelihood thought". According to the logical thinking of "life needs-production practice-public vision-human development", the paper interprets the philosophical implication of Marx's livelihood thought as four dimensions. They are: the need dimension-the starting point of Marx's livelihood thought; the practice dimension-the way to realize Marx's livelihood thought; the public dimension-the institutional guarantee of Marx's livelihood thought; Humanism Dimension-the value orientation of Marx's thought of people's livelihood. Through multidimensional analysis, the purpose of this paper is to have a general grasp of the basic frame of Marx's view on people's livelihood. The fourth part, "the enlightenment of Marx's thought of people's livelihood to the construction of people's livelihood in contemporary China". According to the above four dimensions of Marx's thought on people's livelihood, The paper expounds that it has brought many revelations to the construction of the people's livelihood in contemporary China. These revelations include: grasping and analyzing the needs of the people's livelihood is the basic premise of the construction of people's livelihood in China, and actively engaging in social practice is the basic way of the construction of the people's livelihood. The realization of equalization of basic public services is the basic guarantee of the construction of people's livelihood, and the implementation of people-oriented is the value purport of the construction of people's livelihood.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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