马克思的人学思想及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-04-20 17:45

本文选题：马克思的人学思想 + 人的本质　；参考：《云南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：人的本质是什么？千百年来有无数的哲学家都以不同的方式来回答这个问题，总结一下，，不过就是把人的本质看作是物质或精神两种，并且在不同的时代背景下，对人性的理解都不同。十八世纪时期，很多哲学家对人性都有着不同的看法，如黑格尔把人看作是“绝对精神”的产物，鲍威尔看做是“自我意识”，施特劳斯看作是“实体”以及被施蒂纳认为是“唯一者”、费尔巴哈认为是“现实的人”。直到马克思的人学思想成立之后，他认为人就是一切社会关系的总和，也就是说人不仅仅是作为一个实体存在着的，同时还是社会关系的产物，人不能孤零零的存在于这个社会中，如果想继续生活下去就必须与他人与社会产生物质联系。所以马克思的人学思想是建立在劳动的基础之上的，因为人只有通过劳动才能够认识世界和改造世界，劳动就是人的类本质的体现。马克思的人学思想并不是一蹴而就的，他也感受到了无产阶级在资本主义社会私有制的压迫下所遭受的痛苦，并且他看到了无产阶级运动中所表现的出来的彻底性，他认为能够推翻私有制的只有广大无产阶级自己。无产阶级遭受着压迫并不是他们他们天生就愿意被资本家压迫着，是因为他们被异化劳动所控制着，他们还没有意识到他们的劳动已经成为了控制他们自身活动的枷锁，所以马克思认为如果要使人性复归就必须使劳动者摆脱异化劳动的控制。让劳动者真正的、自由的劳动，其最终的目的就是要使他们实现人的全面发展，人的全面发展不仅是劳动力的发展，同时社会也要跟随着一起发展，也就是要进入到社会主义社会，只有在这样的社会环境下人才能更好的全面发展。这就要求我们更加深入的研究资本主义社会，只有我们认清楚了资本主义社会私有制的矛盾所在，我们才可以真正的建立一个适合人全面发展的社会主义社会。在当代，马克思人学思想一直对我们国家有着深远的影响，不仅在社会建设和发展中，同时也在经济建设中起着重要作用。在改革开放时期，我们国家从计划经济模式转变为了市场经济模式，虽然计划经济是社会主义的特有模式，但是对于一个经济严重落后的大国，只有把社会主义与市场经济结合在一起才能带动社会的发展，并且在市场经济中，也能更加地凸显出个人的价值。我们一方面要加速经济的发展，同时也不能忘记社会的发展，只有在社会主义社会的基础上才能做到经济的快速发展，我们始终要做到坚持以人为本，社会的发展终究是要靠人民群众的力量的，所以最终是要建立一个和谐、安定、祥和的社会主义国家。
[Abstract]:What is the essence of man? For thousands of years countless philosophers have answered this question in different ways, but to sum up, it is only to regard human nature as material or spiritual, and to understand human nature differently in different times. During the eighteenth century, many philosophers had different views on human nature. For example, Hegel regarded man as the product of "absolute spirit" and Powell as "self-consciousness." Strauss was seen as a "entity" and by Steiner as the "one and only", Feuerbach as a "real person." Until Marx's humanist thought was established, he thought that man was the sum total of all social relations, that is to say, man not only existed as an entity, but also a product of social relations. People can not exist alone in this society, if they want to continue to live, they must have material connection with others and society. Therefore, Marx's human thought is based on labor, because man can understand and transform the world only through labor, and labor is the embodiment of human nature. Marx's humanist thought was not achieved overnight. He also felt the suffering of the proletariat under the oppression of private ownership in capitalist society, and he saw the thoroughness of the proletarian movement. He believed that it was the proletariat itself that could overthrow private ownership. The proletariat is oppressed not because they are born to be oppressed by capitalists, but because they are controlled by alienated labour, and they do not yet realize that their labour has become the yoke of their own activities. So Marx thought that if we want to restore human nature, we must free workers from the control of alienated labor. The ultimate goal of the real, free labor of the laborer is to enable them to realize the all-round development of the human being. The all-round development of the human being is not only the development of the labor force, but also the development of the society along with it. That is to enter the socialist society, only in such a social environment can be a better overall development. This requires us to study capitalist society more deeply. Only when we recognize the contradiction of private ownership in capitalist society, can we truly build a socialist society suitable for the all-round development of human beings. In the contemporary era, Marxist humanism has a profound influence on our country, not only in the social construction and development, but also in the economic construction. During the period of reform and opening up, our country changed from a planned economy model to a market economy model. Although the planned economy is the unique mode of socialism, for a large country with a severely backward economy, Only by combining socialism with market economy can we promote the development of society, and in the market economy, we can also highlight the value of individual. On the one hand, we must speed up economic development, but at the same time, we must not forget the development of society. Only on the basis of socialist society can we achieve rapid economic development. We must always adhere to the people-oriented approach. The development of society depends on the strength of the masses, so it is necessary to build a harmonious, stable and peaceful socialist country.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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