马克思理论的批判逻辑及当代意义

发布时间：2018-05-24 14:50

本文选题：马克思理论 + 批判逻辑　；参考：《东北农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：批判性根植于马克思主义理论的每一个层面，其思想精髓贯穿马克思理论发展的始终，是马克思主义科学的思想体系，，也是一种深刻的反思模式。建立在对历史分析基础之上的马克思的批判理论，是对旧的社会现实不断扬弃和创新的基础上走向成熟的。在客观、科学的批判过程中，我们得以体验其严密的思维逻辑。整个马克思主义理论都是在批判中走向现实的，《莱茵报》时期，马克思从反思辨哲学逐步转向对社会问题、政治问题和经济问题等现实问题的研究，为哲学批判的早期探索迈出了最初的一步；克罗兹纳赫时期，马克思在研究现实问题当中所进行的哲学批判，为其批判理论确立了唯物主义基调；巴黎时期，马克思进行的法哲学和政治哲学批判则要使哲学观进入现实生活领域并完成了哲学信仰和革命信仰的双重批判和转变，是马克思的批判观开始走向成熟的标志；而布鲁塞尔和伦敦时期，马克思的批判理论已经建立在实践观的经验基础之上，从批判“生动的思想世界的具体表现”到提出“新思潮的优点就恰恰在于我们不想教条式地预见未来”，从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对异化劳动理论的反思，到《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中第一次明确的批判了费尔巴哈的唯物主义和一切旧唯物主义的根本缺陷进而创立了自己新的实践唯物主义哲学观，从《共产党宣言》中“资产阶级的灭亡和无产阶级的胜利同样是不可避免的”到最后《资本论》的问世，可以说马克思在论辩中进行批判的过程，也是马克思理论的创造与发展的过程。经济学批判是马克思主义理论最全面、最深刻和最详细的证明和运用，而他进行的社会批判则是哲学批判和经济学批判长入社会现实的目的和归宿，这一批判性主旨对后来的西方马克思主义理论产生了强烈影响。西方马克思主义理论家直接继承了马克思哲学的批判理论、革命的实践批判精神和批判资本主义、致力于人类解放的目标，针对二十世纪西方资本主义世界各种异化的文化力量进行了全方位的批判，实现了社会文化批判的转向。但是，他们与马克思的批判理论也存在批判侧重点的不同，革命的主体不同，革命策略的不同。虽然有这些不同，他们的文化批判理论都是在马克思批判理论实践哲学视域之下展开的。在世界经济全球化的今天，发展是时代的主题，但世界经济高速发展的同时，我们面临着经济全球化给人类带来的挑战。马克思批判理论以其展现的时代批判精神、独特而深刻的理论内涵成为思考这些时代话题的关键铺垫，这也彰显了马克思批判理论时代意义所在。
[Abstract]:The critical nature is rooted in every level of Marxist theory, and its essence runs through the development of Marxist theory, which is the ideological system of Marxist science and a profound mode of reflection. Marx's critical theory, which is based on the historical analysis, is mature on the basis of sublation and innovation of the old social reality. In the process of objective and scientific criticism, we can experience its strict logic of thinking. The whole Marxist theory is moving towards reality in the course of criticism. During the period of the "Rhine-Reing newspaper", Marx gradually shifted from the philosophy of reflection and dialectics to the study of social, political and economic problems and other practical problems. For the early exploration of philosophical criticism took the initial step; Croznach period, Marx in the study of practical issues in the philosophical criticism, for his critique theory set the tone of materialism; Paris period, Marx's criticism of philosophy of law and political philosophy should make philosophy into the field of real life and complete the double criticism and transformation of philosophical belief and revolutionary belief, which is the sign that Marx's critical view is beginning to mature. During the periods of Brussels and London, Marx's critical theory was based on practical experience. From criticizing "the concrete expression of the vivid thought world" to putting forward "the advantage of the new trend of thought is precisely that we do not want to predict the future dogmatically", from "the manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844" to reflect on the theory of alienated labor, In the outline on Feuerbach, he criticized Feuerbach's materialism and the fundamental defects of all the old materialism for the first time, and created his own new philosophy of practical materialism. From the "death of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat in the Manifesto of the Communist Party" to the advent of the final "Capital", it can be said that Marx criticized the course in the debate. It is also the process of the creation and development of Marx's theory. Economic criticism is the most comprehensive, profound and detailed proof and application of Marxist theory, and his social criticism is the purpose and destination of philosophical criticism and economic criticism to grow into social reality. This critical theme had a strong impact on the later Western Marxist theory. Western Marxist theorists directly inherited the critical theory of Marxist philosophy, the revolutionary practical critical spirit and critical capitalism, committed to the goal of human liberation. This paper criticizes all kinds of alienated cultural forces in the western capitalist world in the 20 ~ (th) century, and realizes the turn of social and cultural criticism. However, they are different from Marx's critique theory, the main body of revolution and revolutionary strategy are different. In spite of these differences, their theories of cultural criticism are all carried out in the field of practical philosophy of Marx's critique theory. With the globalization of the world economy, development is the theme of the times, but with the rapid development of the world economy, we are faced with the challenges brought to mankind by the economic globalization. Marx's critical theory has become the key foreshadowing for thinking about these topics because of its spirit of age criticism and its unique and profound theoretical connotation, which also shows the significance of Marx's critical theory of the times.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B0-0;A811

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