费尔巴哈哲学在马克思思想形成中的作用

发布时间：2018-05-25 13:36

本文选题：费尔巴哈哲学 + 马克思哲学思想　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于费尔巴哈哲学与马克思思想的关系，综观近百年的研究与争论，大体可以归结为以下几种认识：马克思哲学“等同论”或“费尔巴哈阶段论”；马克思早期思想进程中“费尔巴哈无关论”又称非“中间环节”论；青年马克思世界观存在着机械“环节论”。经笔者考察，这三种观点都有失偏颇和极端，它们不是过分夸大费尔巴哈哲学对马克思思想形成发展的作用，就是带有抹煞其对马克思思想进程的重要影响的嫌疑，都讲不清楚费尔巴哈哲学对马克思的真正影响。笔者认为，研究马克思思想进程中的费尔巴哈因素问题，必须坚持唯物辩证法的基本观点和方法论，从而得出：马克思思想进程中，既不存在一个独立的费尔巴哈阶段，也不曾是纯粹的费尔巴哈派，诚然，也不能否认费尔巴哈哲学在马克思哲学创立过程中的重要影响作用。本文通过对费尔巴哈哲学体系的深入详细的分析，及其哲学对马克思思想影响的系统梳理，发现在马克思思想形成过程中的费尔巴哈因素显示出了极其复杂的性质：一方面，费尔巴哈哲学的自然观和认识论上的唯物主义，尤其在批判宗教神学以及黑格尔唯心主义的斗争中，起到了非常大的积极作用和推动力；另一方面，它在历史观方面又是唯心主义的，以致于他的人本主义异化史观对唯物史观的产生又具有极大的消极影响。通过分析费尔巴哈哲学中对马克思思想影响最大的人本主义，进一步阐述在马克思思想从唯心主义向唯物主义的世界观转变过程中，，如何有效地借鉴和采用费尔巴哈哲学批判的方法和视角，然而，在借鉴之始马克思就已经意识到了费尔巴哈哲学的局限性并有所超越。面对费尔巴哈哲学，马克思从来就没失去自我思想，而是站在自己思想的根据地不断地审视费尔巴哈哲学的革命性与局限性，进行慎重的鉴别和取舍，进而逐步形成唯物主义和辩证法相统一的马克思主义哲学的思想。
[Abstract]:As to the relationship between Feuerbach's philosophy and Marx's thought, a comprehensive survey of the research and debate in the past hundred years can be summarized as follows: Marxist philosophy "equivalence theory" or "Feuerbach stage theory"; In the process of Marx's early thought, Feuerbach's irrelevant theory is also called "non-intermediate link" theory, and there is mechanical "link theory" in young Marx's world outlook. According to the author's investigation, these three viewpoints are biased and extreme. They either exaggerate the role of Feuerbach's philosophy in the formation and development of Marx's thought, or they are suspected of denying their important influence on the process of Marx's thought. The true influence of Feuerbach's philosophy on Marx is not clear. The author holds that in order to study Feuerbach factors in the process of Marx's thought, we must adhere to the basic viewpoint and methodology of materialist dialectics, so as to conclude that there is neither an independent Feuerbach stage in the process of Marx's thought. Nor was it a pure Feuerbach school. Indeed, Feuerbach's philosophy played an important role in the establishment of Marxist philosophy. Through the deep and detailed analysis of Feuerbach's philosophy system and the systematic analysis of its influence on Marx's thought, this paper finds that the Feuerbach factor in the process of Marx's thought formation shows extremely complicated nature: on the one hand, Feuerbach's philosophy of nature and epistemological materialism, especially in the criticism of religious theology and Hegel idealism struggle, played a very positive role and impetus; on the other hand, It is idealistic in the view of history, so that his humanistic alienation of history has a great negative impact on the emergence of historical materialism. By analyzing humanism, which has the greatest influence on Marx's thought in Feuerbach's philosophy, the author further expounds that in the course of the transformation of Marx's thought from idealism to materialism, How to draw lessons from and adopt the methods and perspectives of Feuerbach's philosophical criticism effectively, however, Marx has already realized the limitation of Feuerbach's philosophy and transcended it at the beginning of his reference. In the face of Feuerbach's philosophy, Marx never lost his self-thought. Instead, he constantly examined the revolutionary and limitation of Feuerbach's philosophy in the base of his own thinking, and made careful identification and selection. And then gradually formed materialism and dialectics unified Marxist philosophy thought.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B516.36;A811

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