马克思的技术批判思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 17:30

本文选题：马克思 + 技术异化　；参考：《广西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：批判性是马克思思想的灵魂。这种批判性主要体现在马克思哲学的批判性特征、马克思对资本主义的总体批判和马克思思想的自我批判性等方面。而马克思的技术批判思想就包含在他对资本主义社会的总体批判之中。马克思指出,从本质上看,一切技术都具有社会性和工具性等双重属性。技术自诞生以来,就以支持人类实现自己的目的的方式发展着,然而,随着资本的降临,技术的面貌和发展遭受着空前的改变。换言之,在资本主义社会中,技术异化了。一方面,技术被资本家所利用而异化为奴役人的工具,是导致工人与其劳动产品、劳动过程、类本质等等方面相异化的重要原因。另一方面,资本通过不断地对技术进行引进改造,极大地提高了劳动效率,不断实现着剩余价值的最大化,满足了资本的贪婪本性,因此从技术那里,资本发现了实现自身使命的绝妙途径。所以马克思认为,技术异化的深刻根源就在于资本主义的资本私有制,技术异化的解放之路首先就是废除资本主义私有制,实现共产主义。与此同时,马克思还认为,由于技术是推动人类社会生产力进步的关键因素,为人类摆脱对物的依赖性提供了物质前提,因此技术异化的解放也需要技术自身的极大进步。马克思对资本主义社会导致技术异化的理论批判与分析,对于人们正确认识现代技术的本质及其社会功能,具有极其重要的意义。然而,由于技术突飞猛进、并发挥日益强大的社会功能,特别是西方科学主义思潮的盛行和影响,马克思技术思想中的批判性特征却逐渐被人忘却了。面对着这种危险,一些国外马克思主义者例如法兰克福学派的一些代表人物,他们为捍卫与发展马克思技术思想的批判性作出了积极的努力,但由于立场、方法等缺陷,他们又陷入难以自拔的理论困境。为此,文章最后就当今我国如何重塑马克思技术思想的批判性问题,从文本的深入挖掘,科学主义的反思,技术的生态与道德批判性审视,以及批判地吸收国外的研究成果等方面,进行了一些具体的思考。
[Abstract]:Criticism is the soul of Marx's thought. This criticism is mainly embodied in the critical characteristics of Marxist philosophy, Marx's overall criticism of capitalism and the self-criticism of Marx's thought. Marx's thought of technical criticism is contained in his overall criticism of capitalist society. Marx pointed out that, in essence, all technologies have dual attributes, such as sociality and instrumentality. Since its birth, technology has developed in a way that supports human beings to achieve their goals. However, with the coming of capital, the face and development of technology are undergoing unprecedented changes. In other words, in capitalist society, technology is alienated. On the one hand, technology is used by capitalists and dissimilated as a tool to enslave people, which is an important reason leading to the alienation of workers and their labor products, labor process, nature and so on. On the other hand, through the continuous introduction and transformation of technology, capital has greatly improved labor efficiency, continuously realized the maximization of surplus value, and satisfied the greedy nature of capital. Therefore, from the point of view of technology, Capital has found an excellent way to achieve its mission. Therefore Marx believed that the deep root of technological alienation lies in the private ownership of capital of capitalism and the emancipation road of technological alienation is to abolish capitalist private ownership and realize communism. At the same time, Marx also believed that because technology is the key factor to promote the progress of human social productive forces and provides the material premise for mankind to get rid of the dependence on things, the liberation of technology alienation also needs the great progress of technology itself. Marx's theoretical criticism and analysis on the alienation of technology in capitalist society is of great significance for people to correctly understand the essence and social function of modern technology. However, due to the rapid development of technology and the increasingly powerful social function, especially the prevalence and influence of western scientism, the critical characteristics of Marx's technological thought were gradually forgotten. In the face of this danger, some foreign Marxists, such as some representative figures of the Frankfurt School, have made positive efforts to defend and develop Marx's technical thinking, but because of the shortcomings of their positions, methods, etc. They fell into a theoretical dilemma that they could not extricate themselves from. Therefore, the article finally discusses how to reshape Marx's thought of technology from the perspective of text, scientism, ecology of technology and moral criticism. And critically absorbs the foreign research achievement and so on aspect, has carried on some concrete thought.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：N02;A811

【相似文献】