《毛泽东读社会主义政治经济学批注和谈话》研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 19:37

【摘要】：20世纪50年代末，毛泽东提出三面红旗，本意是要搞好经济建设。但是，三面红旗是一场脱离现实实际的理想主义“大试验”，试验伊始便出现不少问题。在理想主义碰壁后，毛泽东开始关注现实，试图纠正三面红旗大试验中出现的错误，为此他提倡领导干部读社会主义政治经济学。他认为，读社会主义政治经济学，可以减少工作中的事务主义，可以学习和借鉴苏联的社会主义建设经验，可以提高领导干部的理论水平，可以澄清人们头脑中一系列错误、混乱的思想。毛泽东本人在读社会主义政治经济学著作时，针对三面红旗试验中出现的问题，提出了一些富有价值的理论。如，社会主义可以划分为不发达的社会主义和比较发达的社会，后一个阶段可能比前一个阶段需要更长的时间；国民经济发展要统筹兼顾，公私兼顾；搞社会主义建设要波浪式发展；等等。毛泽东重点论述了社会主义商品经济问题和社会主义矛盾问题。关于社会主义商品经济问题，毛泽东揭示了我国商品生产和商品交换长期存在的重要性，阐释了社会主义商品生产和商品交换的性质，探讨了社会主义商品经济的活动方式，指出部分生产资料也属于商品，提出价值规律是一所伟大的学校，等等。关于社会主义矛盾问题，毛泽东正视社会主义社会矛盾的客观存在，对其产生的原因进行了揭示，，对解决社会主义社会矛盾的途径作了多方面探讨。不过，毛泽东在读社会主义政治经济学著作时，他思维结构中，理想性的一面还是非常强。这影响了他对社会主义建设的探索。因此，读书过程中，在继续肯定三面红旗的同时，毛泽东又提出了一些脱离现实实际的错误观点。如，主张不断变革生产关系以促进生产力的发展，欣赏分配上的供给制，认为穷比富好。毛泽东对社会主义商品经济问题和社会主义矛盾问题的认识，也存在一定局限性。关于社会主义商品经济，毛泽东否认大部分生产资料属于商品；主张把一切资本家从商品流通领域中排挤出去，只允许国营商业和合作社商业，不允许个体商业的存在和发展；否认社会主义商业具有竞争性；只承认价值规律在经济核算中的重要性，没有注意到它对商品生产的调节作用；夸大和误解商品生产和价值规律的消极作用，等等。关于社会主义矛盾问题，毛泽东过于强调矛盾的斗争性而忽视矛盾的统一性；轻视平衡而推崇不平衡；重视思想政治方面的人民内部矛盾而忽视物质利益方面的人民内部矛盾；等等。毛泽东读社会主义政治经著作，是对社会主义建设道路的一次艰辛探索。他的这次探索，对1960年至1966年的探索产生了两方面的影响。一方面，毛泽东读书时形成的符合客观实际的观点，在现实主义的引导下，得到了进一步发展和完善，为制定正确的规章制度和政策方针等提供了理论基础。另一方面，在理想主义的引导下，毛泽东更加全面和系统的阐述了读书时形成的脱离现实实际的错误观点，误导了他的社会主义探索，最终陷入了文化大革命的悲剧境地。
[Abstract]:At the end of 1950s, Mao Zedong put forward three red flags, which meant to do well in economic construction. However, the three red flag was a "great experiment" from the reality of idealism. There were many problems at the beginning of the experiment. After the idealism, Mao Zedong began to pay attention to the reality and try to correct the mistakes in the three red flag test. He advocates leading cadres to read socialist political economics. He believes that reading socialist political economics can reduce the transactionism in the work, and can learn from the experience of the socialist construction of the Soviet Union, improve the theoretical level of the leading cadres, and clarify a series of mistakes and confusion in the minds of the people.
In reading the works of socialist political economy, Mao Zedong put forward some valuable theories in view of the problems arising from the three red flag experiment. For example, socialism can be divided into undeveloped socialism and more developed society, and the latter stage may take longer than the previous stage; the development of the national economy. It is necessary to give consideration to all consideration, both public and private, and the development of socialist construction in a wave style; and so on. Mao Zedong focuses on the problems of socialist commodity economy and socialist contradiction. On the problem of socialist commodity economy, Mao Zedong reveals the importance of the long-term existence of commodity production and commodity exchange in our country and explains the socialist merchants. The nature of product production and commodity exchange discussed the activities of the socialist commodity economy, pointed out that some of the production data also belonged to commodities, and that the law of value was a great school, and so on. On the problem of socialist contradiction, Mao Zedong faced the objective existence of the socialist social contradictions and revealed the reasons for it. There are many ways to solve the contradictions in socialist society.
However, when Mao Zedong was reading the works of socialist political economy, his idealism was still very strong in his thinking structure. It affected his exploration of the socialist construction. So, while reading the book, while continuing to affirm the three red flag, Mao Zedong put forward some wrong ideas that were divorced from reality. For example, the idea of constant change was constantly changing. The relationship between leather production is to promote the development of productive forces, appreciate the supply system on distribution, and think that poverty is better than rich. Mao Zedong has some limitations on the problem of socialist commodity economy and socialist contradiction. On socialist commodity economy, Mao Zedong denies that the large part of the production data belongs to the commodity; The family is excluded from the circulation of commodities, only allowing state business and cooperative commerce, not allowing the existence and development of individual business; denying the competitive nature of the socialist business; recognizing the importance of the law of value in economic accounting only, not paying attention to its regulating effect on commodity production; exaggerating and misinterpreting the production of commodities and misunderstandings. The negative effect of the law of value, and so on. On the problem of socialist contradictions, Mao Zedong overemphasized the struggle of contradictions and ignored the unity of contradictions; ignored the balance and respected the imbalance; emphasized the internal contradictions of the people in the ideological and political aspects and ignored the internal contradictions in the material interests; and so on.
Mao Zedong's reading of socialist political classics is an arduous exploration of the road to socialist construction. His exploration has had two effects on the exploration of the 1960 to 1966. On the one hand, the view formed in Mao Zedong's reading, which conforms to the objective reality, has been further developed and perfected under the guidance of realistic meaning. On the other hand, under the guidance of idealism, Mao Zedong, on the other hand, made a more comprehensive and systematic explanation of the misconceptions that were formed out of reality and misled his socialist exploration and eventually fell into the tragic situation of the cultural revolution.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841

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