新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的马克思主义大众化理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 16:28

【摘要】：马克思主义大众化,是指马克思主义理论被广大人民群众所理解和掌握的过程及结果。马克思主义理论自诞生以来,从一国传播到多国,从只有少数理论家能够理解变为被大多数人所掌握,正是大众化的过程和结果。马克思提出,理论一旦掌握群众,就会变成物质力量。毛泽东是马克思主义大众化的首创者和推行者,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党为推进马克思主义大众化做出了不可磨灭的贡献。新民主主义革命时期是毛泽东思想形成、发展及成熟的关键时期,也是马克思主义大众化的重要时期。在新民主主义革命时期,毛泽东把克思主义与中国具体国情和时代特征、与广大人民群众的具体实际、与中国传统文化相结合,找到了马克思主义扎根中国的切入点,用民族化、通俗化的形式和老百姓喜闻乐见的大众化语言宣传马克思主义,在革命实践中切实解决群众的实际问题,使广大人民群众信仰马克思主义,接受马克思主义,从而在中国实现了马克思主义大众化。新民主主义革命时期马克思主义大众化的发展不仅是当代中国马克思主义大众化的基础,同时也是当代中国马克思主义大众化的宝贵财富。深入分析总结毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期推进马克思主义大众化的历史经验,揭示其发展规律,对推进当代中国马克思主义大众化深入发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本课题运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法,以新民主主义革命时期为研究的时间段,以马克思主义大众化为研究的切入点,以毛泽东为主要研究对象,理论与实践相结合,对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化思想进行深入全面系统的研究。论文阐述了新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的历史背景,提出了马克思主义大众化是马克思主义理论的本质要求,同时也是中国革命形势发展的迫切需要和加强党的自身建设的需要,对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东关于马克思主义大众化的理论和实践进行全面分析,探求毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的理论贡献以及采取的途径方法,并在此基础上,归纳总结新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的基本特征,最后总结了新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的经验启示及当代价值,为新时期推进当代中国的马克思主义大众化提供新的理论借鉴。本文共分为7章：第1章：绪论。提出问题。首先,介绍本论文的研究背景、对象、目的及意义。从1919年“五四运动”起至1949年10月1日新中国成立前是新民主义革命时期。新民主主义义革命时期,是毛泽东思想从萌芽、形成、成熟和继续发展阶段,也是毛泽东推动马克思主义大众化的重要时期。本文研究的主要对象,是新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的理论和实践。本文研究的目的,是为新时期推进当代中国马克思主义大众化提供理论支撑和实践经验。本章对与该课题相关的国内外研究现状及发展趋势作了较详细的综述。认为国内学术界对马克思主义大众化和毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化方面已取得大量成果,对毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的研究成果主要集中于基本经验和历史贡献等方面,但对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的马克思主义大众化专题研究的著作并不多见。本章还介绍了论文的研究思路、内容结构和研究方法,提出了本文的主要创新点和不足之处。本文创新点主要有：第一、选题视角具有新意。本文选择“新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的马克思主义大众化理论与实践研究”进行系统探讨,目前学术界对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的马克思主义中国化的研究已有大量成果,但对新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的专题研究还较少,因此,本选题的研究视角具有一定新意。第二、对毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期马克思主义大众化的理论与实践作了较为系统的梳理。对毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期的马克思主义大众化的历史背景、理论贡献、途径和形式、基本特征、经验启示作了系统梳理和总结。第三,对新民主主义革命时期不同阶段马克思主义大众化的特点作了提炼和归纳。论文对北伐战争时期、土地革命战争时期、抗日战争时期、解放战争时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的特点进行了总结与归纳,这是本文的突出新意之处。第2章：主要阐述了论文的基本概念。首先,论文阐述了新民主主义革命时期的四个历史阶段的历史背景、主要矛盾。其次,对大众化、马克思主义大众化及新民主主义革命时期马克思主义大众化含义进行了阐述。所谓大众化,就是把一定的理论体系的基本原理、普遍真理,通过一定的方式和形式变成广大人民群众接受的理论,使理论走进群众,让群众掌握理论并转化成群众的“物质武器”。所谓马克思主义大众化,就是指马克思主义由抽象到具体,由深奥到通俗,由少数人理解掌握到被多数人理解掌握的过程。关于新民主主义革命时期毛泽东对马克思主义大众化贡献,可以分为理论和实践两方面：其一、毛泽东在理论方面对马克思主义大众化的贡献,包括马克思主义大众化的对象、内涵、实质等问题的理论；其二、毛泽东在推进马克思主义大众化实践方面的贡献,主要包括毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的途径、形式及基本特征等。第3章：毛泽东提出马克思主义大众化的历史背景。本章从马克思主义大众化是马克思主义理论的内在要求、是中国革命形势发展的需要、是加强党的自身建设的需要这三个方面进行了分析。论文提出马克思主义大众化是马克思主义理论的内在要求,体现在马克思主义是实践经验的科学总结、与人民根本利益具有内在一致性、需要被广大大众理解接受。在此基础上分别从北伐革命战争、土地革命战争、抗日战争和解放战争等四个历史时期,分析了马克思主义大众化是中国革命形势发展的迫切需要。在加强党的建设方面,着重阐述马克思主义大众化是克服党内非无产阶级思想的需要,是坚持党的正确政治路线的需要,是坚持民主集中制原则的需要,是保持党的先进性、战斗性和纯洁性的需要。第4章：毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的理论贡献。这是本文研究的重点之一。首先,论文阐释了马克思主义大众化的目的、基本内涵和本质。毛泽东十分重视马克思主义理论的宣传与普及,因为中国革命只有依靠广大人民群众才能取得成功,只有让广大人民群众掌握马克思主义这个重要思想武器,才能提高广大人民群众的觉悟,不断把中国革命推向前进,这就是马克思主义大众化的重要目的。正如毛泽东所说的马克思主义大众化的基本内涵就是让大众能够理解掌握并运用马克思主义理论,就是将马克思主义理论同人民大众的具体生活实际联系起来,实现有效融合。其次,对马克思主义大众化主要对象的认识。在毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的过程中,把党的干部作为马克思主义大众化的重要对象,把工农群众和青年学生作为马克思主义大众化的主要对象,把知识分子和党外人士作为马克思主义大众化的引领对象。最后,阐述马克思主义大众化主要内容。文章主要从马克思主义哲学理论的大众化、历史理论的大众化、文化理论的大众化、党建理论和革命道路理论的大众化几方面进行了探讨,对毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的理论贡献作了较全面系统的总结。第5章：毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的主要途径和形式。本章主要从理论工作者的宣传、关心群众切身利益和借鉴中国传统文化等方面,论述了毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的主要途径和形式。首先是理论工作者的宣传教育。本文主要论述了理论队伍通过学校教育、学术研究活动、党员干部带头作用以及深入工农群众等途径来宣传马克思主义。其次是关心群众切身利益。推进马克思主义大众化要从解决群众最关心的利益问题着手,具体包括群众的经济、政治、文化利益,同时还要善于做耐心细致的思想工作。最后是借鉴中国传统文化。马克思主义理论要借鉴中国优秀传统文化来进行宣传,通过融入中国传统文化的优秀思想以及借鉴中国传统文化的表现形式来完成。在宣传过程中,要注重语言风格上的通俗化、语言表述上的形象化和语言宣传上的大众化。第6章：毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的基本特征。这是本文的重点之二。本章在第5章的基础之上,对毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的基本特点做出总结：一是马克思主义大众化与中国化、时代化相结合。本文认为,马克思主义大众化与中国化、时代化三者之间是一个有机整体,存在着密切联系。因此,毛泽东在推进马克思主义大众化的同时,也在推进马克思主义中国化和时代化。二是马克思主义大众化与党的历史经验相结合。党的主要历史经验有：总结纠正错误思想路线的经验、理论教育经验、对中国革命基本问题认识的经验、做群众工作经验和党报宣传经验等。三是马克思主义大众化与中国传统文化相结合。四是马克思主义大众化与反对非马克思主义的斗争相结合。第7章：毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化的现实启示。这是本研究最终的结论和目的。本章在总结新民主主义革命时期毛泽东推进马克思主义大众化经验的基础之上,提出了当代中国马克思主义大众化的新思考：一是马克思主义大众化要体现时代的特征。具体体现在：马克思主义大众化要符合中国特色社会主义初级阶段国情、符合当代国内外形势发展要求、符合社会主义核心价值体系的要求以及符合新时期大众的需求；二是掌握不同群体的特点。文章提出了针对不同群体特点推进马克思主义大众化的必要性,分析了推进马克思主义大众化的重点群体,主要有党政干部、知识分子、青年学生和党外人士等：三是充分发挥传媒的途径。要强调宣传方式的多样化、生动化,充分利用互联网进行宣传教育,出版更多的理论通俗读物等。
[Abstract]:The popularization of Marx doctrine refers to the process and result of Marx's theory being understood and mastered by the masses. Since the birth of Marx doctrine, the theory of the spread from a country to a number of countries, from only a few theorists can be understood to be mastered by most people, is the process and result of popularization. Marx put forward, theory one. Mao Zedong is the founder and pushers of the popularization of Marx doctrine, and the Communist Party of China, represented by Mao Zedong, has made an indelible contribution to the promotion of the popularization of Marx's doctrine. The period of the new democratic revolution is the critical period of the formation, development and maturity of Mao Zedong's thought, and also a horse. During the period of the popularization of Kyth's doctrine, in the period of the new democratic revolution, Mao Zedong combined Kyth's principle with China's specific national conditions and the characteristics of the times, with the concrete reality of the masses and the traditional Chinese culture, and found the breakthrough point for Marx to take root in China, and used the nationalization, the popular form and the common people to smell the music. The popular language is to publicize Marx doctrine, solve the practical problems of the masses in the revolutionary practice, make the masses of the people believe in Marx doctrine, accept the Marx doctrine, and thus realize the popularization of Marx in China. The development of Marx's popularity in the period of the new democratic revolution is not only the Marx of contemporary China. The foundation of the popularization of Marxism is the valuable asset of the popularization of Marx's doctrine in contemporary China. It is important for Mao Zedong to analyze and summarize the historical experience of promoting the popularization of Marx's doctrine in the period of the new democratic revolution, and to reveal the law of its development, which has important theoretical significance for the promotion of the deep development of Marx's main meaning in contemporary China. The subject uses the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, taking the time period of the new democratic revolution as the study time, taking Marx's popularity as the breakthrough point, taking Mao Zedong as the main research object, combining theory with practice, and promoting Marx master in the period of the new democratic revolution by Mao Zedong. The paper expounds the historical background of Mao Zedong's promotion of the popularization of Marx doctrine during the period of the new democratic revolution, and puts forward that the popularization of Marx's doctrine is the essential requirement of Marx theory, and it is also the urgent need of the development of the Chinese revolutionary form and the strengthening of the Party's own construction. The needs of the new democratic revolution during the period of Mao Zedong's theory and Practice on the popularization of Marx doctrine, to explore the theoretical contribution of Mao Zedong to promote the popularization of Marx and the way to take it, and on this basis, to sum up and summarize Mao Zedong's promotion of Marx doctrine during the period of the new democratic revolution. The basic characteristics of the new democratic revolution at the end of the new democratic revolution in the period of Mao Zedong to promote the popularization of Marx's experience and contemporary value, for the new period to promote the popularization of contemporary China to provide a new theoretical reference for the popularization of contemporary Marx. This paper is divided into 7 chapters: first chapters: thread. Background, object, purpose and significance. From the "54 Movement" in 1919 to the founding of new China before the founding of new democracy in October 1, 1949. The period of the new democratic revolution was the stage of Mao Zedong's thought from germination, formation, maturity and continued development, and also an important period for Mao Zedong to promote the popularization of Marx's doctrine. The object of this study is the theory and practice of Mao Zedong promoting the popularization of Marx in the period of the new democratic revolution. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and practical experience for promoting the popularization of contemporary Chinese Marx in the new period. It is believed that the domestic academic circles have made great achievements in the popularization of Marx's doctrine and Mao Zedong's promotion of the popularization of Marx doctrine. The research results of Mao Zedong's promotion of Marx's popularity are mainly concentrated on the basic experience and historical contribution, but the Mao Zedong's Marx mass during the new Democratic Revolution Period This chapter also introduces the research ideas, content structure and research methods of this paper, and puts forward the main innovation points and shortcomings of this article. The main innovations of this article are as follows: first, the perspective of the topic is new. This article chooses the theory of Mao Zedong's Marx doctrine popularization during the period of the new democratic revolution. With the practical study, a systematic study is carried out. At present, there have been a lot of achievements in the study of Mao Zedong's Marx doctrine in the period of the new democratic revolution, but there are few special studies on Mao Zedong's popularization of Marx in the period of the new democratic revolution. Therefore, the research perspective of this topic has a certain new meaning. Second The theory and practice of Mao Zedong's popularization of Marx doctrine during the period of the new democratic revolution are systematically combed. The historical background, the theoretical contribution, the way and the form, the basic characteristics and the empirical revelation of Mao Zedong in the period of the new democratic revolution are systematically combed and summarized. Third, the new democracy is made. In the period of the northern expedition, during the period of the northern expedition, during the period of the war of resistance against Japan, and in the period of the war of resistance against Japan, and in the period of the war of liberation, Mao Zedong promoted the popularization of the Marx doctrine in the period of the northern expedition, and this is the highlight of this article. The second chapter: the second chapter: This paper expounds the basic concepts of the paper. First, the paper expounds the historical background of the four historical stages in the period of the new democratic revolution and the main contradictions. Secondly, it expounds the meaning of the popularization of the mass, the popularization of Marx doctrine and the popularization of Marx's doctrine during the period of the new democratic revolution. The basic principle, the universal truth, becomes the theory that the masses accept by a certain way and form, makes the theory into the masses, let the masses grasp the theory and transform it into the "material weapon" of the masses. The so-called popularization of the so-called Marx doctrine means that the Marx doctrine is from abstract to concrete, from the profound to the popular, and the understanding and mastery by a few people. Mao Zedong's contribution to the popularization of Marx doctrine during the period of the new democratic revolution can be divided into two aspects: Theory and practice: first, Mao Zedong's contribution to the popularization of Marx in theory, including the theory of the object, connotation and essence of Marx doctrine; secondly, Mao Zedong's contribution to promoting the popularization of Marx doctrine, mainly including the way, form and basic characteristics of Mao Zedong's promotion of the popularization of Marx's doctrine. The third chapter: Mao Zedong puts forward the historical background of the popularization of Marx doctrine. This chapter from the popularization of Marx doctrine is the inherent requirement of the theory of Marx doctrine, and it is China The needs of the development of the revolutionary situation are the three aspects of the need to strengthen the party's own construction. The thesis suggests that the popularization of Marx doctrine is the inherent requirement of the theory of Marx's doctrine, the scientific summary of the practical experience of Marx, the internal consistency with the fundamental interests of the people, and the need to be understood by the masses. On this basis, from the four historical periods of the Northern Expedition revolutionary war, the land revolution war, the Anti Japanese War and the liberation war, this paper analyzes the urgent need of the popularization of Marx doctrine in the development of the Chinese revolutionary situation. In strengthening the party's construction, it is emphasized that the popularization of Marx doctrine is the need to overcome the non proletarian ideology of the party. It is the need to adhere to the correct political line of the party, the need for adherence to the principle of democratic centralism, the need for maintaining the party's advanced nature, the fighting nature and the purity of the party. The fourth chapter: Mao Zedong's theoretical contribution to the popularization of Marx doctrine. This is one of the key points of this study. First, the thesis explains the purpose of the popularization of Marx doctrine. The basic connotation and essence. Mao Zedong attaches great importance to the publicity and popularization of the theory of Marx doctrine, because the Chinese revolution only depends on the masses of the people to succeed. Only by making the masses of the people master the important ideological weapon of Marx's doctrine, can we improve the consciousness of the masses of the people and push the Chinese revolution forward. This is the important purpose of the popularization of Marx's doctrine. As Mao Zedong said, the basic connotation of the popularization of Marx's doctrine is to let the public understand and apply the theory of Marx, which is to link Marx's theory with the concrete living reality of the people and achieve effective integration. Secondly, Marx doctrine. In the process of promoting the popularization of Marx doctrine, Mao Zedong has taken the Party cadres as an important object of the popularization of Marx doctrine, taking the masses of workers and peasants and young students as the main object of the popularization of Marx doctrine, and taking the intellectuals and the people outside the party as the leading object of the popularization of Marx doctrine. Finally, the main contents of the popularization of Marx doctrine are expounded. The article mainly discusses the popularization of the theory of Marx's philosophy, the popularization of historical theory, the popularization of cultural theory, the popularization of the theory of Party building and the theory of the revolutionary road, and makes a more comprehensive contribution to Mao Zedong's theory of promoting the popularization of Marx. The fifth chapter: the fifth chapter: the main ways and forms to promote the popularization of Marx doctrine. This chapter mainly discusses the main path and form of Mao Zedong's promotion of the popularity of Marx, including the propaganda of the theoretical workers, the interest of the masses and the reference of Chinese traditional culture. This article mainly discusses that the theoretical team propagandize Marx's doctrine through school education, academic research activities, the leading role of Party members and cadres, and the masses of workers and peasants. Secondly, it is concerned with the vital interests of the masses. To promote the popularization of Marx doctrine, we should begin with the problem of solving the interests most concerned by the masses, including the masses' classics. At the same time, we should be good at doing patient and meticulous ideological work. At the same time, we should learn from Chinese traditional culture. Marx's theory should learn from the excellent traditional culture of China to carry out propaganda, complete the excellent ideas of Chinese traditional culture and draw lessons from Chinese traditional culture. In the process of propaganda, it is necessary. Pay attention to the popularization of language style, the visualization of language expression and the popularization of language propaganda. The sixth chapter: the basic characteristics of Mao Zedong's promotion of the popularization of Marx doctrine. This is the focus of this article two. On the basis of the fifth chapter, this chapter makes a summary of Mao Zedong's basic characteristics of promoting the popularization of Marx doctrine: first, the horse is a horse. The popularization of Kyth doctrine is combined with sinicization and epoch. This article holds that there is an organic whole and close connection between the three parties of the popularization of Marx doctrine and the Sinicization of the times. Therefore, Mao Zedong promotes the nationalism and epoch of Marx doctrine while promoting the popularization of Marx doctrine. The two is Marx doctrine. The main historical experience of the party is to sum up the experience of correcting the wrong ideological line, the experience of theoretical education, the experience of understanding the basic problems of the Chinese revolution, the experience of the mass work and the propaganda experience of the party newspaper. Three is the combination of the popularization of Marx doctrine and the traditional Chinese culture. The four is the Lord of the party. The seventh chapter: the seventh chapter: the final conclusion and purpose of this study. This chapter is the final conclusion and purpose of this study. On the basis of summarizing Mao Zedong's popularization of Marx doctrine in the period of the new democratic revolution, this chapter puts forward the contemporary Chinese Marx master. The new thinking of the popularization of righteousness: first, the popularization of Marx doctrine should embody the characteristics of the times. It is embodied in: the popularity of Marx doctrine.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A841;D231

【参考文献】