“文革”时期毛泽东的马克思主义观研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 15:51

【摘要】：作为伟大的马克思主义者,毛泽东在领导中国革命和建设的过程中,在谨慎地推敲和研讨什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义等问题的基础上,他的马克思主义观得以形成。毛泽东在不同时期对马克思主义的见解和看法,有不同的侧重点,由此构成了内容丰富的毛泽东的马克思主义观。其中,“文革”时期就是其重要组成部分。“文革”时期,是毛泽东探索社会主义建设的特殊时期,反思毛泽东在“文革”时期的马克思主义观,对于研究马克思主义与推进中国特色社会主义具有重要意义。本文希望通过归纳概括“文革”时期毛泽东的马克思主义观,总结这一时期的经验教训,这是本文的写作目标。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分:马克思主义观的理解与诠释。马克思主义具有丰富的内容。从不同的角度去“观”马克思主义,就会得出不同的结论。马克思主义观的内涵十分丰富,但其基本内涵是对“什么是马克思主义”和“如何对待马克思主义”的认识。本文的切入点就是理解与阐释马克思主义观,在这个基础上,分析归纳了毛泽东的马克思主义观的内涵。第二部分:“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观的形成。毛泽东“文革”时期马克思主义观的形成与发展深受当时国内外政治经济情势的影响,这些影响,积极方面与消极因素相互渗透,它们都从不同的侧面给这一时期毛泽东的马克思主义观打上历史的烙印。国际环境对“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观形成的影响因素,分为三个方面:一是中苏关系的分歧和论战;二是对和平演变图谋的警惕;三是全球民族解放运动的高涨。国内环境对“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观形成的影响因素,可以从两个方面进行分析:一是“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观形成的客观原因,二是“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观形成的主观原因。第三部分:“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观的内容。文章以“什么是马克思主义”和“怎样对待马克思主义”为切入点,对“文革”时期毛泽东对马克思主义的认识进行了分析。第四部分:对“文革”时期毛泽东马克思主义观的评价。“文革”时期毛泽东的马克思主义观的一个显著特点是复杂性,文章通过分析它的意义和不足,提出了四点启示:真理性的马克思主义需要用真理性的态度对待;马克思主义是指导思想,但我们必须理解“指导”的本真含义;马克思主义是在实践中摸索前行的,它的发展必须结合中国的国情与现实;马克思主义要不断地成长,经受实践检验的才是真正的中国化的马克思主义。
[Abstract]:As a great Marxist, in the course of leading the Chinese revolution and construction, Mao Zedong carefully deliberated and discussed what is Marxism and how to deal with it. His Marxist view was formed. Mao Zedong's views on Marxism in different periods have different emphases, which constitute Mao Zedong's Marxist views. Among them, the Cultural Revolution period is an important part of it. The period of "Cultural Revolution" is a special period for Mao Zedong to explore the construction of socialism. It is of great significance to reflect on Mao Zedong's view of Marxism in the period of "Cultural Revolution" for studying Marxism and promoting socialism with Chinese characteristics. This paper hopes to sum up the Marxist view of Mao Zedong during the "Cultural Revolution", and sum up the experience and lessons of this period, which is the writing goal of this paper. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: the understanding and interpretation of Marxist view. Marxism is rich in content. To view Marxism from different angles will lead to different conclusions. The connotation of Marxism is very rich, but its basic connotation is the understanding of "what is Marxism" and "how to treat Marxism". The breakthrough point of this paper is to understand and explain the Marxist view. On this basis, the connotation of Mao Zedong's Marxist view is analyzed and summarized. The second part: the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The formation and development of Marxist view during the Mao Zedong "Cultural Revolution" was deeply influenced by the political and economic situation at home and abroad at that time. These influences, positive aspects and negative factors, permeated each other. They all put the mark of history on Mao Zedong's view of Marxism in this period from different aspects. The influence of international environment on the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution can be divided into three aspects: first, the differences and controversies between China and the Soviet Union; second, vigilance against peaceful evolution; and third, the upsurge of the global national liberation movement. The influence factors of domestic environment on the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution can be analyzed from two aspects: first, the objective reasons for the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The second is the subjective reason of the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The third part: the content of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. Based on "what is Marxism" and "how to treat Marxism", this paper analyzes Mao Zedong's understanding of Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The fourth part: the evaluation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. One of the remarkable features of Mao Zedong's Marxist view during the Cultural Revolution was complexity. By analyzing its significance and deficiency, the article puts forward four enlightenments: genuine Marxism needs to be treated with the attitude of truth; Marxism is the guiding ideology, but we must understand the true meaning of "guidance"; Marxism is groping ahead in practice, and its development must be combined with China's national conditions and reality. It is the true Sinicization of Marxism that has been tested in practice.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A84

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