唯物史观视阈下的马克思人权观解读

发布时间：2018-08-12 11:51

【摘要】：人权一直是马克思理论研究的重要组成部分，也是人类共同的理想追求。因此，研究马克思人权观对于当代社会的人权发展、实践都有十分重要的意义。笔者试图依据马克思人权观发展的轨迹，从历史逻辑的角度，挖掘马克思著作中的人权观点，阐述他的人权观是如何萌芽的、他是如何批判继承前人人权思想的，到后来构建成自己的历史唯物主义的马克思人权观。马克思人权观以全人类的全面自由发展为旨向的内涵，对于我国中国特色社会主义人权建设，具有重大的现实指导意义，是我国人权事业的理论基础和价值导向。本文共有5个部分，首先，简要论述了选题的缘起与国内外对于该论题的研究状况，其次，主要依据时间的脉络阐述马克思人权思想的渊源，有早在古罗马、古希腊时期的智者派，有16世纪的莫尔，以及洛克、孟德斯鸠、卢梭、黑格尔与空想社会主义者们，许多伟人前辈的思想直接或者间接的影响着马克思，这对马克思后来创立自己的历史唯物主义的人权观是影响巨大的。笔者尝试顺着时间的轨迹，从马克思著作中探索人权观点，从《博士论文》首次接触自由的问题开始，到经过《莱茵报》时期，马克思关于“每个人的自由发展”的思想开始萌芽，此后，经过批判青年黑格尔派的人学思想，摆脱黑格尔的影响走向费尔巴哈的“人本主义”，到后来扬弃费尔巴哈的类本质，马克思最终创立出自己的人权观。完成了“宗教解放”到“政治解放”，开始了“政治解放”到“经济解放”的过程。马克思转向了经济学领域的研究，通过《手稿》对国家经济学进行研究分析并阐述他的人权观。随着后来《圣神家族》、《形态》、《共产党宣言》等著作的问世，实现了“经济解放”到“人的解放”，，马克思最终确立了历史唯物主义的人权观，得到了其特有的内涵、特性、旨归。论文的最后，将马克思人权观与我国的现实相结合，作为科学发展观的理论根基，将它运用于社会实践并指导社会主义市场经济，是中国共产党人的一贯追求。
[Abstract]:Human rights have always been an important part of Marx's theoretical research and the common ideal pursuit of human beings. Therefore, the study of Marx's concept of human rights is of great significance to the development of human rights in contemporary society. According to the track of the development of Marx's concept of human rights, and from the angle of historical logic, the author tries to dig out the viewpoint of human rights in Marx's works, to expound how his concept of human rights came into being, and how he criticizes and inherits his predecessors' thought of human rights. Later, he constructed his own Marxist concept of human rights in historical materialism. Marx's concept of human rights, which aims at the all-round and free development of all mankind, has great practical guiding significance for the construction of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics, and is the theoretical basis and value orientation of the cause of human rights in our country. There are five parts in this paper. Firstly, the origin of the topic and the research status at home and abroad are briefly discussed. Secondly, the origin of Marx's thought on human rights is expounded according to the context of time, as early as in ancient Rome. In ancient Greece, the Wise School, with Mohr in the 16th century, and Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hegel, and Utopian Socialists, the ideas of many great men's forebears directly or indirectly influenced Marx. This had a great impact on Marx's later creation of his own historical materialism of human rights. I try to follow the track of time, from Marx's works to explore the human rights point of view, from the "doctoral thesis" first contact with the issue of freedom, to after the "Rhine newspaper" period, Marx's thought of "the free development of every human being" began to sprout. After that, after criticizing the humanism of the young Hegel school, he got rid of the influence of Hegel and went to Feuerbach's "humanism". After sublation of Feuerbach's nature, Marx finally created his own concept of human rights. The process of "religious liberation" to "political liberation" was completed and the process of "political liberation" to "economic liberation" began. Marx turned to the field of economics and analyzed the state economics through manuscripts and expounded his view of human rights. With the coming out of such works as "the Holy Spirit", "form" and "the Manifesto of the Communist Party", Marx finally established the concept of human rights of historical materialism and got its unique connotation and characteristics. Purport. Finally, it is the consistent pursuit of the Communist Party of China to combine Marx's concept of human rights with the reality of our country as the theoretical foundation of the scientific concept of development, and to apply it to social practice and guide the socialist market economy.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811.6

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