恩格斯晚年关于资本主义新变化的思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 08:14

【摘要】：恩格斯是马克思的亲密战友，科学共产主义学说的创始人和奠基人之一，国际工人运动的导师，伟大的革命家、思想家、科学家。他与马克思一道，以毕生的精力从事科学研究，他的大量著作是无产阶级思想宝库里的重要财富。恩格斯晚年思想并非孤立存在的，是对他和马克思所创立的世界观和社会历史观的补充和发展。 19世纪70年代在以英国、美国、法国、德国为代表的资本主义国家掀起了第二次工业革命，这次工业革命以“电”的发现和应用为代表。工业革命的浪潮迅速席卷了资本主义国家的每个角落，使整个资本主义国家出现了一系列生机盎然的新变化。自1883年人类伟大的导师——马克思逝世之后，他的挚友，马克思主义的另一位创始人——恩格斯不得不“在理论问题上代替马克思的地位并且去拉第一小提琴”1，独立完成马克思主义理论的研究和创新工作。晚年恩格斯在他生命的最后10年目睹了“第二次工业革命”给资本主义社会带来的一系列变化。面对资本主义世界的新变化和新发展，为了更好地指导世界无产阶级的解放运动，，恩格斯在完成马克思未尽的事业的同时，他不仅密切观察着资本主义的新变化，更是从新的世界观的角度对于资本主义的这些新变化和新发展,在科学分析的基础上进行了总结。恩格斯对这种新变化的研究从理论上丰富和发展了马克思主义理论，在实践上为指导无产阶级解放运动提供了理论依据和指导思想。因此，笔者认为研究恩格斯晚年关于资本主义新变化的思想对于我们深刻把握恩格斯的这一思想及其实质，坚持和发展马克思主义理论有着重要的意义。随着19世纪后半期资本主义的新变化，无产阶级以及无产阶级的解放运动也深受影响，无产阶级的解放条件更是随之被迅速改变了。在这种新形势下，如何在揭示资本主义的新变化及其实质的基础上探讨无产阶级解放条件的新变化就成为摆在世界无产阶级面前的重大历史课题。笔者通过对恩格斯晚年关于资本主义的新变化的思想的研究，指出恩格斯是如何通过对新变化的分析完成这一历史任务的，并为世界无产阶级的解放运动提供了理论支持。当代资本主义在恩格斯逝世后又经过了一个多世纪的发展，已然发生了天翻地覆的变化。现代资本主义不仅完成了第二次工业革命，而且完成了以计算机技术为核心的第三次科技革命，目前正处在新的科技革命的前沿。本文通过对恩格斯晚年关于资本主义新变化的思想研究，有助于我们了解当时资本主义的新情况。坚持以客观事实为基础解释社会发展的规律是马克思主义的根本方法。在恩格斯晚年对于资本主义的分析中包含了大量当时资本主义发展的事实材料，因此研究恩格斯晚年关于资本主义新变化不仅有助于我们了解当时资本主义的各方面的情况，而且他的分析与研究更是为我们研究当今资本主义乃至当今世界提供了有益的借鉴以及世界观的指导，对如何将我国建设成为一个实力雄厚的国家有着积极深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Engels was a close comrade-in-arms of Marx, one of the founders and founders of scientific communism, a mentor of the international worker movement, a great revolutionary, thinker and scientist. He worked with Marx for his whole life in scientific research, and his great works were an important asset in the ideological treasure house of the proletariat. Thoughts do not exist in isolation, but complement and develop the world outlook and social history outlook created by him and Marx.
In the 1970s, the capitalist countries represented by Britain, the United States, France and Germany set off the second industrial revolution. The discovery and application of "electricity" represented the industrial revolution. The wave of the industrial revolution swept across every corner of the capitalist countries and made the whole capitalist country appear a series of vigorous and energetic. Since the death of Marx, the great teacher of mankind in 1883, Engels, his close friend and the other founder of Marxism, has had to "replace Marx in theoretical issues and play the first violin" 1 to independently complete the study and innovation of Marxist theory.
In his later years, Engels witnessed a series of changes brought about by the "Second Industrial Revolution" in capitalist society in the last 10 years of his life. Facing the new changes and developments in the capitalist world, in order to better guide the world proletarian liberation movement, Engels not only completed Marx's endless undertakings, but also closely observed them. Observing the new changes of capitalism, he summarized the new changes and developments of capitalism from the perspective of a new world outlook on the basis of scientific analysis. Engels'study of this new change enriched and developed Marxist theory in theory and provided guidance for the proletarian liberation movement in practice. Therefore, it is of great significance for us to study Engels'thoughts on the new changes of capitalism in his later years for us to deeply grasp Engels' thoughts and their essence and to adhere to and develop Marxist theory.
With the new changes of capitalism in the latter half of the 19th century, the liberation movement of the proletariat and the proletariat was deeply affected, and the conditions for the liberation of the proletariat were rapidly changed. Under this new situation, how to explore the new changes of the conditions for the liberation of the proletariat on the basis of revealing the new changes in capitalism and its essence? Through the study of Engels'thoughts on the new changes of capitalism in his later years, the author points out how Engels accomplished this historical task through the analysis of the new changes and provided theoretical support for the liberation movement of the world proletariat.
Modern capitalism has not only completed the second industrial revolution, but also completed the third scientific and technological revolution with the computer technology as the core. It is now in the forefront of the new scientific and technological revolution. This article through Engels The ideological study of the new changes in capitalism in his later years will help us to understand the new situation of capitalism at that time. Therefore, the study of Engels'new changes in capitalism in his later years not only helps us to understand all aspects of capitalism at that time, but also provides us with useful reference and guidance of world outlook for our study of capitalism and even today's world, and how to build our country into a powerful country. Thick countries have positive and far-reaching significance.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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