马克思恩格斯民生思想及其在中国的运用与发展
发布时间：2018-09-07 19:04
【摘要】：民生问题是一个伴随着人类生存和发展全过程的基本问题,是人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,事关社会的和谐程度。二十一世纪的中国,已经进入一个改善民生的新时代。但就现实情况而言,改善民生实为不易。由于经济、历史、文化、体制等诸多因素的制约,我国民生问题的改善任务艰巨。本文试图回到马克思恩格斯,希冀从马克思主义创始人的理论中找寻解决这一问题的思路和方法。本文的具体内容如下： 第一部分：马克思恩格斯民生思想的形成过程 本部分主要阐明马克思恩格斯民生思想的生成依据和逻辑进程。1、马克思恩格斯民生思想的生成依据主要体现在马克思恩格斯民生思想形成的社会条件、理论渊源上。其社会条件在于,资本主义社会基本矛盾的发展为马克思恩格斯民生思想的形成提供了客观前提；无产阶级争取生存权的斗争为马克思恩格斯民生思想的形成提供了实践基础；特殊的成长环境对马克思恩格斯个人观念的影响为马克思恩格斯民生思想的形成提供了主观条件。其理论渊源在于,启蒙思想家的自由主义民生观、空想社会主义者的理想主义民生观、费尔巴哈的人本主义民生观等赋予马克思恩格斯民生思想以理论启迪。2、马克思恩格斯历史唯物主义民生思想的形成过程。马克思恩格斯历史唯物主义民生思想的形成分为传统理性主义影响时期、费尔巴哈人本唯物主义影响时期、唯物史观创立时期和马恩晚年的阐发这样四个阶段。这是一个由萌芽、初步形成、成熟到继续发展的过程。 第二部分：马克思恩格斯民生思想的主要意蕴 本部分主要说明马克思恩格斯民生思想的主要意蕴和基本特征。1、就其主要意蕴来说,马克思恩格斯民生思想包括三个方面。(1)满足“现实的人”的民生需要构成了马克思恩格斯民生思想的逻辑起点。(2)实现人的自由全面发展,是马克思恩格斯民生思想的最高命题、最高境界,因而成为马克思民生发展追求的终极目标。(3)理想民生的实现是一项重大历史任务,是一个长期的经济、社会、文化发展和制度变革过程。无产阶级理应革命地“改变世界”,在批判资本主义异化民生的基础上,进一步促进社会生产力的极大发展、生产关系的根本变革、保障体系的建立健全、教育的优先发展、分配关系的调整完善,为理想民生的实现提供物质基础、制度前提、安全保证、文化条件和关键环节。2、马克思恩格斯民生思想不同于西方社会学者的民生思想,它以唯物史观为哲学基础,具有实践性、科学性、批判性、人本性、开放性等特征。 第三部分：马克思恩格斯民生思想在中国的运用和发展 本部分主要探讨马克思恩格斯民生思想在中国的运用和发展的逻辑进程。1、中国的马克思主义者提出的“为人民服务”、“三个有利于”的价值标准、“三个代表”重要思想、“以人为本”的科学发展观,正是基于满足“现实的人”的需要基础上的价值标准的历史演进。2、结合社会主义发展的阶段性和建设的长期性特征,中国共产党适时提出“四个现代化”、“共同富裕”、“全面小康社会”、“和谐社会”的民生发展目标,这是马克思恩格斯民生发展目标在中国运用和发展的理论成果。3、“两次革命解放民生”、“改革开放发展民生”、“全面创新提升民生”、“科学发展改善民生”是基于马克思恩格斯革命地“改变世界”的中国特色的民生发展战略。 第四部分：马克思恩格斯民生思想与当代中国民生建设 本部分是探讨马克思恩格斯民生思想解答当代中国社会民生问题。1、分析中国社会民生问题的主要表现及其成因。2、以马克思恩格斯民生思想为指导,探讨民生建设的路径选择,促进中国社会民生发展,推进和谐社会建设。
[Abstract]:People's livelihood is a basic problem accompanied by the whole process of human survival and development. It is the people's most concerned, most direct and most realistic interest problem, which is related to the degree of social harmony. China in the 21st century has entered a new era of improving people's livelihood. But in reality, it is not easy to improve people's livelihood. Because of the economy, it has been through. Restricted by history, culture, system and many other factors, the task of improving people's livelihood in China is arduous. This paper attempts to return to Marx and Engels, hoping to find a way to solve this problem from the theory of the founders of Marxism.
Part one: the formation process of Marx and Engels's people's livelihood thought.
This part mainly expounds the basis and logical process of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. 1. The basis of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood is mainly embodied in the social conditions and theoretical origins of the formation of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. The formation of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood provides objective premise; the struggle of proletariat for the right to subsistence provides practical basis for the formation of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood; the influence of special growth environment on Marx and Engels'personal concept provides subjective conditions for the formation of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood. Its theoretical origin lies in enlightenment. The liberal people's livelihood view of thinkers, the idealistic people's livelihood view of Utopian socialists, and the humanistic people's livelihood view of Feuerbach give Marx and Engels theoretical enlightenment. 2. The forming process of Marx and Engels'historical materialism people's livelihood thought. The forming elements of Marx and Engels' historical materialism people's livelihood thought For the influence period of traditional rationalism, Feuerbach's humanistic materialism influence period, the creation period of historical materialism and the elucidation of Marne's later years are four stages.
The second part: the main implication of Marx and Engels's thought of people's livelihood.
This part mainly explains the main meaning and basic characteristics of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood.1. As far as its main meaning is concerned, Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood includes three aspects. (1) Satisfying the livelihood needs of "realistic people" constitutes the logical starting point of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. (2) Realizing the free and comprehensive development of people is Mark's thought of people's livelihood. The supreme proposition and realm of Singus'thought of people's livelihood have become the ultimate goal of Marx's thought of people's livelihood. (3) The realization of the ideal people's livelihood is a major historical task and a long-term process of economic, social, cultural development and institutional change. On the basis of people's livelihood, we should further promote the great development of social productive forces, the fundamental change of production relations, the establishment and perfection of the guarantee system, the priority development of education, and the adjustment and perfection of distribution relations, which provide material basis, system premise, security guarantee, cultural conditions and key links for the realization of the ideal people's livelihood. 2. Marx and Engels'thoughts on people's livelihood Want to be different from western sociologists'thought of people's livelihood. It is based on historical materialism and has the characteristics of practicality, scientificity, criticism, humanism and openness.
The third part: the application and development of Marx and Engels's livelihood thought in China.
This part mainly discusses the logical process of the application and development of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood in China. The historical evolution of the value standards based on the needs. 2. Combining with the stage of socialist development and the long-term characteristics of construction, the Communist Party of China timely put forward the development goals of "four modernizations", "common prosperity", "well-off society in an all-round way" and "harmonious society". This is the development goal of Marx and Engels'livelihood in China. 3. "Two revolutions emancipate people's livelihood", "Reform and opening up develop people's livelihood", "All-round innovation enhance people's livelihood", "Scientific development improve people's livelihood" is a livelihood development strategy with Chinese characteristics based on Marx and Engels'revolutionary "changing the world".
The fourth part: Marx and Engels's livelihood thought and the construction of contemporary China's people's livelihood.
This part is to explore Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood to answer the contemporary Chinese people's livelihood problems. 1. To analyze the main manifestations and causes of China's social people's livelihood problems. 2. With Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood as a guide, to explore the path choice of people's livelihood construction, promote the development of Chinese people's livelihood, and promote the
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D61;A811
[Abstract]:People's livelihood is a basic problem accompanied by the whole process of human survival and development. It is the people's most concerned, most direct and most realistic interest problem, which is related to the degree of social harmony. China in the 21st century has entered a new era of improving people's livelihood. But in reality, it is not easy to improve people's livelihood. Because of the economy, it has been through. Restricted by history, culture, system and many other factors, the task of improving people's livelihood in China is arduous. This paper attempts to return to Marx and Engels, hoping to find a way to solve this problem from the theory of the founders of Marxism.
Part one: the formation process of Marx and Engels's people's livelihood thought.
This part mainly expounds the basis and logical process of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. 1. The basis of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood is mainly embodied in the social conditions and theoretical origins of the formation of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. The formation of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood provides objective premise; the struggle of proletariat for the right to subsistence provides practical basis for the formation of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood; the influence of special growth environment on Marx and Engels'personal concept provides subjective conditions for the formation of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood. Its theoretical origin lies in enlightenment. The liberal people's livelihood view of thinkers, the idealistic people's livelihood view of Utopian socialists, and the humanistic people's livelihood view of Feuerbach give Marx and Engels theoretical enlightenment. 2. The forming process of Marx and Engels'historical materialism people's livelihood thought. The forming elements of Marx and Engels' historical materialism people's livelihood thought For the influence period of traditional rationalism, Feuerbach's humanistic materialism influence period, the creation period of historical materialism and the elucidation of Marne's later years are four stages.
The second part: the main implication of Marx and Engels's thought of people's livelihood.
This part mainly explains the main meaning and basic characteristics of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood.1. As far as its main meaning is concerned, Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood includes three aspects. (1) Satisfying the livelihood needs of "realistic people" constitutes the logical starting point of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood. (2) Realizing the free and comprehensive development of people is Mark's thought of people's livelihood. The supreme proposition and realm of Singus'thought of people's livelihood have become the ultimate goal of Marx's thought of people's livelihood. (3) The realization of the ideal people's livelihood is a major historical task and a long-term process of economic, social, cultural development and institutional change. On the basis of people's livelihood, we should further promote the great development of social productive forces, the fundamental change of production relations, the establishment and perfection of the guarantee system, the priority development of education, and the adjustment and perfection of distribution relations, which provide material basis, system premise, security guarantee, cultural conditions and key links for the realization of the ideal people's livelihood. 2. Marx and Engels'thoughts on people's livelihood Want to be different from western sociologists'thought of people's livelihood. It is based on historical materialism and has the characteristics of practicality, scientificity, criticism, humanism and openness.
The third part: the application and development of Marx and Engels's livelihood thought in China.
This part mainly discusses the logical process of the application and development of Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood in China. The historical evolution of the value standards based on the needs. 2. Combining with the stage of socialist development and the long-term characteristics of construction, the Communist Party of China timely put forward the development goals of "four modernizations", "common prosperity", "well-off society in an all-round way" and "harmonious society". This is the development goal of Marx and Engels'livelihood in China. 3. "Two revolutions emancipate people's livelihood", "Reform and opening up develop people's livelihood", "All-round innovation enhance people's livelihood", "Scientific development improve people's livelihood" is a livelihood development strategy with Chinese characteristics based on Marx and Engels'revolutionary "changing the world".
The fourth part: Marx and Engels's livelihood thought and the construction of contemporary China's people's livelihood.
This part is to explore Marx and Engels'thought of people's livelihood to answer the contemporary Chinese people's livelihood problems. 1. To analyze the main manifestations and causes of China's social people's livelihood problems. 2. With Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood as a guide, to explore the path choice of people's livelihood construction, promote the development of Chinese people's livelihood, and promote the
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D61;A811
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