马克思的人与土地关系思想初探

发布时间：2018-09-19 18:33

【摘要】：资本主义农业和工业的发展对人类的生存环境造成了巨大的威胁，促使人类不得不对自身与自然关系问题进行深刻的反思。针对这一严峻背景，本文概括归纳了马克思在人与土地关系方面的贡献，，在马克思的思想海洋里寻求解决现实问题的答案。在马克思生活的时代，人与土地的矛盾关系没有像今天一样尖锐，马克思没有就土地问题进行系统地专门研究，但是他的著作中确实包含了大量的人与土地关系的思想。这缘起于马克思对资本主义农业的批判，现实社会的资源匮乏、环境破坏的困境，同时也受到其他学者的影响。马克思先对土地进行了界定，他认为自然是一切劳动资料和劳动对象的第一源泉，自然概念是人实践的要素，又是存在着的万物的总体。在此基础上，马克思在对资本主义工业和农业的批判中深刻的认识到资本主义私有制对土地的破坏和剥削。马克思的人与土地关系思想的内容体现在他各个时期的著作中，丰富而深刻。他在其著作中鲜明的指出资本家掠夺式的对待土地导致土地肥力的衰退和生态环境的破坏，论述了资本主义制度对土地的异化，深入分析了资本主义土地破坏的深层次原因—资本主义私有制，他透过“社会”这个孔道更加透彻的看到土地在被社会诸因素包括社会生产、交换、消费等在内的中介作用后的变化。在详尽阐述了人对土地的破坏的同时，他也研究了土地对人类的“报复”，土地肥力下降、粮食产量下降使得农业受到影响等问题都是人与土地伦理关系恶化中的表现。针对人类对土地犯下的罪行，马克思提出了生态农业的思想，更难能可贵的是他通过借鉴前人的研究成果提出了具体的土地养护措施，如在耕种、施肥、灌溉等环节提出了具体的养护方法。此课题的研究对我国社会主义建设具有重要的理论意义和实践意义，有助于解决我国现代化建设过程中出现的问题。但是文章仅是梳理了马克思人与土地关系的零碎思想，理论的系统性还有待进一步拓展。
[Abstract]:The development of capitalist agriculture and industry poses a great threat to the living environment of human beings, which urges human beings to reflect deeply on the relationship between themselves and nature. In view of this austere background, this paper summarizes Marx's contribution to the relationship between man and land, and seeks answers to practical problems in Marx's ideological ocean. In the age of Marx's life, the contradictory relationship between man and land was not as sharp as it is today. Marx did not make a systematic and specialized study on the issue of land, but his works did contain a large number of thoughts on the relationship between man and land. This is due to Marx's critique of capitalist agriculture, the shortage of resources and environmental damage in real society, as well as the influence of other scholars. Marx first defined the land, he believed that nature is the first source of all labor materials and labor objects, the concept of nature is the element of human practice, but also the overall existence of all things. On this basis, Marx deeply recognized the destruction and exploitation of land by capitalist private ownership in his critique of capitalist industry and agriculture. Marx's thoughts on the relationship between man and land are embodied in his works in various periods, rich and profound. In his works, he points out that capitalists' predatory treatment of land leads to the decline of land fertility and the destruction of ecological environment, and discusses the alienation of land by capitalist system. He deeply analyzed the deep causes of the destruction of capitalist land-capitalist private ownership. Through the "society", he saw more thoroughly that land was being produced and exchanged by various social factors, including social production and exchange. The change after the intermediary action of consumption etc. While expounding the destruction of land by man in detail, he also studied the "revenge" of land on human beings, such as the decline of land fertility and the impact of agricultural production on agriculture, all of which are the manifestations of the deterioration of ethical relationship between man and land. In view of the crime committed by human beings on land, Marx put forward the idea of ecological agriculture. What is more commendable is that he put forward concrete land conservation measures, such as farming and fertilization, by referring to the previous research results. The concrete maintenance methods are put forward for irrigation and so on. The study of this subject has important theoretical and practical significance for the socialist construction of our country, and is helpful to solve the problems in the process of our country's modernization construction. However, the article only combed the piecemeal thought of Marx's relationship between man and land, and the systematization of the theory needs to be further developed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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